Computational nanotechnology

The article proposes a method for solving a system of equations based on a quantum Grover search algorithm. Finding a solution to a system of equations is a computationally complex process and can be considered as an algorithmic primitive for solving various problems. The computational complexity of finding a solution to a system of equations has led to attempts to implement this problem using quantum computing. So, the concept of Quantum Linear System Problem (QLSP) is well known – the solution of systems of linear equations using a quantum computer. The method proposed in the article is considered within the framework of solving a system of algebraic equations. A feature of this method is a modification of the Grover algorithm, which consists in placing the condition of each equation in a separate Grover iteration, which differs from the usual use of Grover iterations – repeats of the oracle and the diffusion operator, in which the oracle does not change. Thus, the construction of its own oracle function of the Grover algorithm for each equation of the system is implemented within the framework of the implementation of the general scheme. A feature of the proposed method is the approximation of the problem of solving a system of equations to a problem resembling the pRSCIiple of training generative-adversarial neural networks (GAN) using Grover’s algorithm, since Grover’s algorithm allows analyzing all possible values of variables. Thanks to the use of the modified Grover algorithm, the proposed method is not limited by the mandatory condition that the number of equations is equal to the number of unknowns, since solutions to incomplete systems of equations can be found within the limits imposed by the size of the allocated quantum registers. A quantum circuit optimization method is also proposed, which consists in implementing some calculations directly in the body of the Grover algorithm. The claimed efficiency of the proposed method is O(2ⁿ/m). The method proposed in the article allows us to obtain a quantum primitive for solving a wide range of practical problems.

Statistical data provided by the FSBI “NMITSPN named after V.P. Serbsky” of the Ministry of Health of Russia indicate that depression, as a psychoemotional state, is the main cause of concern around the world, which in most cases leads to suicide, if not detected, and to a threat to others. Studies show that depression tends to have an impact on writing style and appropriate language use. The main purpose of the proposed study is to study user messages on the VKontakte social network and identify attributes that may indicate depressive symptoms of users. The article uses machine learning approaches (logistic regression, random forest, support vector machine, XGBoost) and natural language processing methods (removal of stop words, character deletion, tokenization, lemmatization) to prepare data and evaluate their effectiveness. The work demonstrated that the ability to search for depressed users with an accuracy of 77% using the XGBoost classifier. This method is combined with other linguistic functions (N-gram + TF-IDF) and LDA to achieve higher accuracy. In conclusion, the main conclusions of the study are formulated.

The relevance and necessity of implementing measures to protect information in banks, as well as in other organizations of the financial and credit sphere of activity is due to a number of reasons. Firstly, these are the requirements of regulators in the field of information security. For systems of this type, there are also requirements for information security measures, which are set out in GOST R 57580.1–2017. Secondly, it is the objective presence of threats of various nature that require mandatory neutralization and exist in many modern information systems. In order to ensure information security, the security mechanisms used in the banking sector should take into account such factors as a significant amount of processed information, the need to ensure correct, stable and trouble-free operation, the multi-user nature of access to information resources, and ensuring the security of managed equipment. It is particularly worth highlighting the fact that failures and errors in the operation of banking information systems can entail not only economic damage or negative social consequences. In general, ensuring the information security of banking facilities is one of the most important tasks currently being solved at the state level, since they directly affect the stability of its economy. These circumstances determine the relevance of writing the article. The purpose of writing this paper is to develop a set of models describing the features of organizational, legal and technical processes that must be performed in banking information systems. As a methodological basis for writing the work, GOST R 57580.1–2017, as well as regulatory legal acts of the FSTEC of Russia, which are in the public domain, were used. To describe the ongoing work that must be performed to ensure the protection of information in banking information systems, the methodology of functional graphical modeling IDEF0 was used. The result of the research presented in this paper is a set of graphical and symbolic models describing the processes performed at the stages of designing and functioning of the information security system in critical information infrastructures.

The article deals with the implementation of automatic traffic control of automobile flows in urban areas of regulation based on the use of fuzzy models. The relevance of the topic of the article is due to the problem of traffic management in the Smart City ecosystem. Traffic flow control is a complex dynamic task, for the solution of which it is proposed to use artificial intelligence methods for processing fuzzy knowledge. The article proposes a model of a traffic flow control system at an intersection based on the use of fuzzy knowledge. Knowledge processing in the system is carried out by the module “Fuzzy Controller”. The input data for the fuzzy controller is information about the number of cars that have passed and information about the current duration of the traffic light phases. The fuzzy controller has a number of output variables corresponding to the number of phases of the traffic light. The fuzzy controller is implemented by means of the fuzzy sets apparatus. The system solves the following tasks: tracking the increase in traffic in the regulation zone; tracking the approach of the flow density on all streets of the regulation zone to the critical one; collecting information about the filling of the road departing from the intersection; implementing indirect unloading of the road section after the intersection, implementing management in transit sections of the city. To increase the efficiency of the model, an improved traffic management process is proposed within the framework of a single intersection, which takes into account traffic situations after the intersection. This approach has a positive impact on traffic in the regulated area due to the decentralized structure of the system consisting of such controlled intersections. The authors also implement the priorities of the directions of movement within the framework of the proposed model. Priorities are set when setting up the system at each of the traffic lights and allow you to speed up the circulation of traffic within the control zone.

Recently, in the field of education, much attention has been paid to the use of multiple choice questions as a tool for assessing knowledge. The development of test tasks requires a lot of time and is highly labor intensive. It is difficult to perform such a task manually, so many researchers offer various ways and approaches to automate the creation of test tasks in natural language. In this paper, we present an overview of scientific achievements in the field of automatic question generation, which examines the classification of question generation systems by dividing them into five groups: machine learning-based methods, neural network-based, tree-based, rule-based or template-based and hybrid methods.

A mathematical model of slab heating based on a numerical solution of a three-dimensional thermal conductivity problem has been created and programmatically implemented in the work. To solve a system of difference equations, a layer-by-layer method is proposed that allows using the run-through method to solve a system of difference equations of a three-dimensional problem within a rapidly converging iterative procedure. Comparative calculations of slab heating are carried out using the proposed layer-by-layer method and the method of simple iteration with different degrees of grinding of the spatial grid. As a result, it was found that with the grinding of the mesh, the effectiveness of the layered method in relation to the simple iteration method increases.

In mechanical engineering, the procurement process is one of the most important in the life cycle stage of manufacturing products from metal materials. In this regard, there are disadvantages in the manufacture of parts: low productivity, complexity and high cost of cutting tools, and the impossibility of cutting. The work proposes an approach to increase the productivity of using the cutting properties of abrasive grains and expanding the contact area of a waterjet jet with the workpiece surface being processed by twisting the jet and adjusting the values of the jet oscillation frequency to the thickness of the workpiece. As a result of research verification, the approach showed good prediction accuracy.

The article discusses the features of the development of an electronic library system of the Department of Computer Science and Mathematics. The electronic library system allows you to access educational, scientific and professional literature in electronic form. In addition, electronic library systems usually contain not only the texts of books, but also other materials, such as articles, journals, dissertations, audio and video files, etc. This allows users to get complete information on the research topic. The developed library system is intended for cadets and students of higher educational institutions of the Ministry of Internal Affairs of Russia, employees of the Department of Internal Affairs.

The concept, model, and examples of activated nanoscale heterojunctions on special silicon carbide and silicon substrates to ensure maximum power with combined geometric and quantitative scaling of semiconductor energy converter chips are considered. The issue of maximum efficiency of energy conversion and efficiency of separation of electron-hole pairs is investigated. A variant of optimizing the scaling solution is implemented by heterojunctions with variations in the sequences of layers with an increase in the concentration and direction of movement of nonequilibrium carriers for further increasing voltage conversion with charge pumping. Numerical simulation was performed to test the model with thin layers of GaN, GaP on SiC, SiC/Si. For the first time, definitions of activation of the heterojunction and activated nanoheterojunction as a fundamental structure are proposed. The accuracy of the proposed models is compared with the accuracy of known models, and it is shown that the results obtained are better than some solutions of these models known in the literature.

Based on a number of experimental and patented works, the competitive efficiency of a solar cell with non-traditional contact structures is substantiated in detail. It is shown that the efficiency of a solar cell depends on the innovative choice of its contact materials (nano-sized crystalline lead chalcogenide and structureless non-crystalline silicon). The specific electro physical properties of lead chalcogenide and silicon are considered, providing a significant improvement in the converting properties of the solar cell. A specific mechanism for the formation of a contact field due to the participation of current carriers from localized defect energy states of the silicon band gap is presented. By solving the Poisson equation, the parameters of the contact field of the – nano-heterojunction were calculated.