Izvestiya of the Samara Russian Academy of Sciences scientific center. Social, humanitarian, medicobiological sciences

The post-industrial and digital development of society is characterized by conditions of high variability, uncertainty and chaos. The entry of network technologies and resources into all spheres of life, the technologization of production and management processes create the prerequisites for the emergence of risks of a different nature in all types of professional activities and social relations. This situation complicates the requirements for a modern specialist, requiring them not only to have subject knowledge and professionally oriented competencies, but also to have developed abilities for the active and transformative development of new techniques and technological solutions, a predictive assessment of possible risks and personal responsibility for the consequences of their choice in non-standard situations. The entry of the digital component is changing the organizational and technological aspects in the field of vocational education, significantly expanding the boundaries of traditional forms of education. The new psychological and pedagogical conditions of the open educational space have an impact on the quality of the educational process and the results of professional training, producing the negative effects of informatization of the education sector and developing the problem of educational risks (vital, psychological, social). The inclusion of the concept of "professional reliability" in the categorical space of pedagogical science is due to its content, which determines the correspondence of the qualities of the subject of professional activity with rapidly changing conditions for the implementation of professional activity. Professional reliability is a key and integrative characteristic in the model of a digital specialist, the content and structural content of which is determined by the specifics and features of a particular professional activity. The structure of professional reliability of specialists in railway transport is represented by a set of motivational-value, activity-technological and reflexive components. Experimental work proved the effectiveness of the developed didactic system for the formation of professional reliability of specialists in railway transport.

This article regards main trends of epigrammatic style evolution in French literature of different periods. In this connection a diachronic review of the genre specific features and manifestations is carried out with accentuating close genetic links of the epigram with other small literary forms such as: epitaphs, fabliaux, elegies, madrigals, feuilletons, pamphlets, etc. Speaking about the significance of ancient Greco-Roman literary traditions in French epigrammatic style formation, the author pays tribute to the indisputable ethnic originality and uniqueness of ancient small genres: epitaphs and epigrams, the most characteristic features of which were formed in parallel, in rather close interaction and interdependence over many centuries. This is the very factor that stipulates great possibilities for varying the functional features and characteristics of the epigrammatic style in later historical periods: the Middle Ages, Renaissance, Enlightenment, Classicism, Symbolism. The results of vast theoretical and practical material analysis fulfilled in the frame of research give full grounds to assume that the epigrammatic style traditions, laid down by the ancient authors of the Greco-Roman school, have found their worthy continuation in French literature of all historical epochs and have doubtless prospects of further independent development nowadays.

Artikel tersebut mengkaji fenomena osilografi sebagai salah satu ciri utama dari situasi metamodern pada tahap perkembangan budaya masyarakat saat ini. Artikel tersebut mencoba untuk menentukan peran dan tempat metamodern dalam sistem "modern-postmodern-metamodern". Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah karena kebutuhan untuk memahami transisi peradaban ke dimensi budaya yang baru. Pemikiran filosofis merasakan pergeseran sosial dari munculnya paradigma budaya baru, yang menentukan peluang untuk mengkarakterisasi situasi metamodern dan mendefinisikan prinsip osilografi sebagai salah satu penanda utamanya. Artikel tersebut mengungkapkan ciri khas metamodern dari situasi sebelumnya-modern dan postmodern. Menganalisis osilografi sebagai komponen penting dari paradigma baru, penulis berfokus pada fakta bahwa sifat dari situasi yang dijelaskan disamakan dengan osilasi abadi, mirip dengan aksi osiloskop. Metamodern tidak menyiratkan konsep realitas yang pada dasarnya baru, tetapi menghidupkan kembali ide-ide dan estetika modernitas sedemikian rupa sehingga tidak mengesampingkan postmodernisme, tetapi menciptakan sintesis yang harmonis dengannya. Metamodern tidak berusaha meninggalkan ekstrem dari dua arah ini, tetapi mewujudkan elemen tradisi dan inovasi. Osilasi antara cita-cita modernitas dan postmodernitas disebabkan oleh prinsip osilografi yang dibahas dalam artikel tersebut.

This article is devoted to the newest challenges posed to society by the rapid development of digital communication technologies, especially global social media. The relevance of the topic lies in the fact that social media are constantly strengthening their monopoly as channels of information dissemination and communication platforms. At the same time, the commercial nature of social networks and the focus of IT giants on maximizing profits leads to unforeseen consequences that essentially transform socio-political life around the world. The text examines the main problems associated with the specifics of the functioning of social media and significantly influencing the socio-political sphere starting with the so-called “human factors”, such as the deliberate use of the capabilities of social media by certain interest groups and the psychological characteristics of human behavior that influence formatting of the online space, and ending with the built-in mechanisms of social media, such as recommendation algorithms and the collection and analysis of gigantic volumes of personal data for commercial use, which is increasingly turning into use for political purposes.

The article is devoted to culturological gastronomic reflection, which is considered as a state of consciousness in relation to a specific sphere of cognition. The author studies the periodization of the development of reflection, in accordance with the periods of development of cognition methods. Thus, highlighting the stages, starting from the scholastic period and ending with activism, the author agrees with some authors in the naming and content of these periods. However, it is worth pointing out that this is dialectical-materialistic activism, which is based on the corresponding philosophical principles. As a result of the study of the concept and essence of reflection, the author concludes that the present stage of the development of reflection is based on an activity-based approach to the study of the cognition system, which means the implementation of activities for the formation of a certain knowledge. Since scientific reflection at the present stage is increasingly connected with social development and penetrates into its spheres, it is noted that the combination of reflection and dialectical-materialistic approach and worldview makes it possible to reflect not only in the general philosophical sense, but also within the practical application of reflection, in private scientific and everyday consciousness. The result of the application of cultural reflection in the field of gastronomy is the identification of categories of problems of science ("gastrosophy" is a term proposed by some scientists for the name of science) and its content: historical–descriptive, analytical, state and a number of others, which have their own range of private issues involving research and, of course, reflection.

The article is devoted to the peculiarities of the development of the domestic music publishing business in the second half of the XIX – early XX centuries, the structure, organization and functioning of trade activities of large and small enterprises. Strategically important positions that create a holistic view of the mechanisms of obtaining material profit, effective ways of enlarging and optimizing printing production are identified, the system-forming factors influencing the process of individualization of its corporate identity are indicated.

These include: foreign entrepreneurs who headed a number of the largest Russian firms; commercial strategies aimed at monopolizing the market and strengthening its dynamics. An important addition to this context are: the presence or absence of its own music printing, the production and sale of musical instruments, accessories and related products, as well as the experience of patronage and charity, which has no analogues in world practice, allowing us to talk about the exceptional cultural status and phenomenon of domestic music publishing. The work of well-known trademarks after 1917 in Soviet Russia and abroad becomes a great information resource of the declared topic. The totality of the results obtained creates an idea of the various facets of this phenomenon in the space-time dynamics and perspective and forms additional opportunities for its study.

The purpose of this work is to concentrate the reader’s gaze on the choral works of Tatar composers, to show that the creation of these works was inspired directly by a religious idea, and this idea manifested itself at the level of the use of Koranic texts. The research material was partly the work of S. Gabyasha, as well as works by Sh. Sharifullin, R. Kalimullin, M. Shamsutdinova, S. Zoryukova for choir, alto flute, double bass, prepared piano and percussion. The author of the article comes to the conclusion that the appeal to the Koranic texts of modern Tatar composers is not only due to the desire to join Muslim spiritual ethics, but also to comprehend their past from the present, thereby outlining the appropriate vector of musical development into the future.

In the domestic and foreign literature, studies are published on the relationship of a decrease in interalveolar height due to increased tooth abrasion with disorders of chewing muscles (bruxism). The main signs of bruxism are clenching and gnashing of teeth. However, along with their general properties, there is no information about their difference in the state of muscle tone, which was the purpose of the study. The processes were modeled and a comparative assessment of the state of muscle tone in these symptoms was carried out on the basis of a digital research method–electromyography. 2 groups were formed for the analysis: the main (I and II subgroups) and the control. Subgroup I included patients with the main symptom of "clenching teeth", and subgroup II included patients with "gnashing teeth". The results showed higher average values of the amplitude of biopotentials in the masticatory and temporal muscles in subgroup I compared with subgroup II. Digital diagnostics by the EMG method made it possible to establish the presence of parafunctional disorders of the masticatory muscles.