№ 3 (2023)

The research was carried out in order to study morphological, economically valuable traits and molecular genetic polymorphism of alleles using microsatellite DNA of 9 varieties of cultivated and 5 forms of wild soybeans of the All-Russian Soybean Research Institute for Identification and certification of their genotypes. Unique DNA profiles of the studied soybean varieties and forms were obtained by PCR analysis using six microsatellite loci (Satt1, Satt2, Satt5, Satt9, Sourgr1 and Soyhsp176). 24 alleles were identified, the number of which per locus ranges from 2 to 10. For each locus, the value of information polymorphism (PIC) varied from 0.28 to 0.86, the average was 0.62, the effective number of alleles ranged from 1.38 to 6.92, the average was 3.30. It should be noted that the varieties of cultivated soybeans had differences between themselves from 1 to 4 loci. The dendrogram of the studied soybean genotypes, constructed by the method of unweighted pairwise-group analysis (UPGMA) in the POPGENE program VERSION 1.32, revealed two large clusters. Cluster I includes cultivated soybean varieties, cluster II includes wild soybean forms, which indicates their significant genetic differences. It is shown that the most contrasting morphological differences were revealed for Topaz and Dauria varieties, both by phenotype (coloration and intensity of pubescence, color, shape of seeds and hem), and by all economically valuable signs (vegetation period - 95 and 112 days; yield - 26.8 and 30.9 c/ha, plant height,- 64 and 81 cm;, the height of attachment of the lower bean - 13 and 16 cm, the weight of 1000 seeds - 174.7 and 185.4; protein content - 40.3 and 38.2 %; oil content - 19.2 and 19.8 %, respectively). For the first time, molecular genetic passports of 9 varieties of cultivated soybeans of the Soybean Research Institute for the certification of their genotypes have been compiled.

The aim of the research was to study the e ect of pre-sowing and foliar treatment with microelement micronutrient fertilizers on the productivity of white mustard and a comparative assessment of its varieties in the conditions of the forest- steppe of the Middle Volga region.Experimental work was carried out in 2020-2022 on the experimental eld of the Penza Research Institute of Agriculture. In the rst experiment, 9 varieties of white mustard of various selection, included in the State Register of Breeding Achievements, were studied. The scheme of eld experiments included the study of pre-sowing seed treatment and the treatment of mustard plants during vegetation with microfertilizers at a rate of 1.0 l/t and 1.0 l/ha, respectively. The experimental scheme included 8 microelement preparations (Humate +7, Agroverm, Izagri Vita, Megamix, Zircon, Cytovit, BlackJack, Izagri Force) and a variant without treatment. On average, over three years, the productivity of mustard seeds varied within 1.32-1.61 t/ha, depending on the variety. The highest yield in the experiment was noted in the varieties Lutsiya (1.57 t/ha) and Svetlanka (1.61 t/ha), which exceeded the average value for the experiment by 0.10…0.14 t/ha. The maximum oil content in the experiment was noted in the varieties Lucia and Omega (30.02 and 30.48 %), the minimum - in the varieties Passion and Bracco (25.05 and 26.24 %). At the same time, all varieties had a high indicator of agronomic stability at the level of 78.33 … 85.82 %, which characterizes their value for production. As a result of the use of microfertilizers, a tendency to increase the productivity of mustard was noted. When foliar processing of mustard plants, the most e ective fertilizers were Izagri Vita and Agroverm, which contributed to obtaining the largest yield of 1.69 and 1.67 t/ha. The maximum oil content in the experiment (29.72 and 29.70 %) was noted in the seeds when the plants were treated with BlackJack and Isagri Force preparations. Pre-sowing treatment of seeds with microelement fertilizers contributed to the accumulation of oil in the seeds up to 27.75-29.46 %, with 27.87 % in the control. The highest yield in the experiment was obtained in the variants with seed treatment with Izagri Vita and BlackJack preparations (1.71 and 1.72 t/ha), which exceeded the control by 0.17…0.18 t/ha. In addition, the studied preparations a ect the fatty acid composition of oilseeds to varying degrees. Their application led to a decrease or increase in the concentration of fatty acids. Foliar top dressing with Cytovit contributed to an increase in the concentration of erucic acid up to 30.1 %. And pre-sowing treatment of seeds with this preparation leads to its decrease to 25.3 %.

The aim of present study was to reveal the species composition of Fusarium fungi found in the soybean mycobiota from the various origins of Russia, as well as to characterize physiological and biochemical properties of isolates. Identi cation of the taxonomic status of 21 Fusarium strains isolated from seeds, stems and roots of soybeans was clari ed according to data using phylogenetic analysis of the nucleotide sequences of the gene of translation elongation factor 1α. Five fungal species have been identi ed: F. oxysporum (11 strains), F. equiseti (4), F. proliferatum (3), F. solani (2), as well one strain of F. commune, which was identi ed for the rst time in soybean mycobiota in Russia. The morphological and cultural characteristics of the isolates and their pathogenicity to leaves of two soybean varieties in the laboratory conditions were also analyzed. At the cultivation of Fusarium fungi on potato- sucrose agar medium, the optimal temperature range for the growth of all isolates has been established as 25-30 °C, at which the largest colony diameter 68,5-74,0 mm was found in F. equiseti and F. commune strains, and the smallest colonies (49,5-55,8 mm) was detected in F. solani strains. Three F. oxysporum strains and one F. commune strain, isolated from the stems, were characterized by high pathogenicity to the leaves of two soybean varieties. These strains caused the necrosis of leaves of the Isidor variety in the range of average length 16,7-21,7 mm, and the necrosis of leaves of the Selecta 201 variety in the range of 10,7-23,3 mm. At the same time, the most of the analyzed Fusarium strains (52-67 % depending on the soybean variety) were non-pathogenic. A high intraspeci c variability of pathogenicity to soybean leaves was noted among F. oxysporum and F. proliferatum strains

Field experiments were carried out to determine the biological and economic e ectiveness of the herbicide Arizona, OD (75 g/l mesotrion + 30 g/l nicosulfuron + 3.5 g/l orasulam), on crops of the hybrid corn Krasnodar 291 AMV in Krasnodar Krai. The experiments were carried out on the experimental eld of the Federal State Budgetary Scienti c Institution "Federal Research Center ofBiological Plant Protection" in 2020-2021 in accordance with the guidelines for testing herbicides in agriculture. The soil cover of the experimental plots is leached chernozem. The ow rate of the working uid is 200 l/ha. In the experiments, plots with an area of 25 m2 were used with a four-fold repetition with a randomized arrangement. The scheme of the experiment assumed the use of the tested herbicide Arizona, OD in the norms of 1.0 and 2.0 l/ha, standards Elumis, OD (2.0 l/ha) and Octave, OD (1.0 l/ha), control (without herbicides). During the period of 3…5 leaves of the culture, herbicides were applied. The initial contamination of corn crops averaged 125 copies/m2. The e ectiveness of the drugs was evaluated by reducing the number, mass of weeds and the di erence in the yield of grain crops in comparison with the option without the use of herbicides. The types of weeds in the experiments (ragweed sagebrush, сalifornia durnishnik, tilted schiritsa, bristly body, gray bristle, common hedgehog) demonstrated high sensitivity to the herbicide being tested. In the variants with the introduction of 1.0 and 2.0 l / ha of the drug Arizona, OD, an 82…100 % herbicidal e ect was observed without a negative e ect on the crop and a reliable preserved corn grain yield (87.0 and 102.2 %). The reference preparations for the e ectiveness of cereals were at the level of the tested preparation (2.0 l/ha), but were inferior in e ect to dicotyledonous weeds.

Nitrogen is a key element in achieving high yields of grain crops. The study of the reaction of new varieties to the use of nitrogen fertilizers in eld experiments allows us to identify the most e ective techniques for realizing potential yields in speci c soil and climatic conditions. The research was carried out in 2020-2021 in the conditions of the Moscow region on sod-podzolic heavy loamy soils with a low humus content (1.3…1.7 %), high phosphorus content, average potassium content. The scheme of the experiment involved studying the e ect of increasing and fractional doses of nitrogen fertilizer from 30 to 150 kg of active substance per hectare, introduced in the form of ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3). Fertilization was carried out manually by seedlings, in variants with fractional application, the second dose was introduced into the exit phase into the tube. The objects of research were the varieties of spring triticale Timiryazevskaya 42 and Botanicheskaya 4, registered in the State Register of Breeding Achievements in 2022. Nitrogen fertilizers increase the height of plants of the Timiryazevskaya 42 variety by 4.7…10.2 cm, and the Botanicheskaya 4 variety by 8.7…10.1 cm. At the same time, the lodging of crops in the prevailing meteorological conditions was not noted in all variants of the experiment. When applying nitrogen fertilizers in doses from 90 to 120 kg / ha, the increase in grain yield on the Timiryazevskaya 42 variety was 3.61…5.10 t/ha to control (without fertilizers), on the Botanicheskaya 4 variety - 2.71…2.42 t/ha. The highest yield in the experiment was obtained when applying nitrogen fertilizers on the Timiryazevskaya 42 variety at a dose of 120 kg/ha - 9.99 t/ha, on the Botanicheskaya variety at a dose of 90 kg/ha - 7.16 t/ ha. The removal of batteries without fertilizers and high yields, when applying high doses of nitrogen fertilizers, indicate a higher yield potential of the Timiryazevskaya 42 variety, compared with the Botanicheskaya 4 variety.

The objects of research are modern arrays of camels of the Kazakh Bactrian breed, Turkmen dromedary of the Arvan breed, Kazakh dromedary bred in the south and south-east of Kazakhstan; Mongolian Bactrian of Tuvan populations bred in the forest- steppe and dry-steppe zone of the Republic of Tyva of the Russian Federation. The age of the studied camels ranged from 1 to 12 lactation. The studies were conducted in the period 2020-2022. The camels of the Kazakh Bactrian breed in the amount of 200 heads, the Turkmen dromedary in the amount of 120 heads, the Kazakh dromedary 120 heads and the Bactrian of the Mongolian breed of the Tuvan popu-lation 30 heads were studied. The camels of the Kazakh bactrian are able to give 4 % milk in 210 days of lactation 1111.2 ± 45.1 kg, the Turkmen dromedary of the Arvan breed 1588.8 ± 58.4 kg, the Kazakh dromedary 1870.0± 47.5 kg, the Mongolian bactrian of the Tuvan population 933.5 ±29.8 kg. The coe cient of variability in milk yield for 210 days of lactation was CV = 19.7-35.9 % in camels. The coe cient of variation is 6.2-9.9 % in fat content, 3.9-7.2 % in protein content. In dairy camels, the coe cient of variability in the yield of milk fat was 22.2-41.9 %, in the yield of milk protein - 19.5-36.9 %. In dairy camels, the heritability coe cients for the studied breeding traits have average values that vary between h2 = 0.25-0.55, which characterizes the stability of inheritance by descendants of productive traits of mothers. According to milk yield for 1-2 lactation, the repeatability coe cient was 0.65 … 0.82, according to the mass fraction of fat in milk - 0.58 and 0.85, protein - 0.59 and 0.88, according to the yield of milk fat - 0.75 … 0.82, milk protein - 0.72… 0.83. The correlation coe cient between the productivity indicators of camels of the rst foal for 105 days of lactation and the indicators for 210 days of lactation (P < 0.001) varies from +0.42 to +0.78, which indicates the reliability of the forecast of productivity of camels of the rst foal for 210 days of lactation according to the assessment data for the rst 105 days.