Volgograd Journal of Medical Research

The development of methods for analyzing the size and position of the jaws in the structure of the facial area is still an urgent task and is aimed at improving the methods for diagnosing anomalies. Purpose. To develop a method for analyzing teleradiography to determine the position and size of the jaws with subsequent assessment of their importance in the orthodontics clinic. Material and methods. A retrospective study of archival teleradiography of 58 patients with physiological occlusion and 39 teleradiography with abnormalities of occlusion in the sagittal direction was carried out. Radiographs showed a subspinal point Downs A(SS) and a supramental point B(SM). The occlusal line was drawn through the incisor contact point and the distal occlusion point of the second molar. Results and discussion. With all variants of the maxillary position, it was noted that the alveolar-dental dimensions of the upper dentitional arches were similar in importance to the antagonizing arch in people with occlusion physiology. The difference in indicators was on average 1.07 ± 0.54 mm. Mesial occlusion was characterized by the fact that the alveolar-dental size in the lower jaw was larger than the upper one by 3.74 ± 1.28 mm. In distal occlusion, the size of the lower jaw was smaller than that of the upper jaw, by an average of 3.62 ± 1.12 mm. Conclusion. As a result of the study of teleradiographs, a method for assessing the position of the jaws and their main dimensions was proposed. In physiological variants of occlusion, as a rule, there is an equality of alveolar-dental dimensions of the jaws, and their position in relation to relatively stable anatomical landmarks.

The paper is based on options for implementing measures aimed at reducing the hospitalization level, improving compliance, clinical symptoms, social adaptation indicators and voluntarily life quality hospitalized patients with paranoid schizophrenia. The implementing differential programs possibilities medical and social rehabilitation aimed at personal, social and rehabilitation components that contribute to the critical attitude formation to the disease manifestations and reduce the social functioning dependence degree mental pathology are shown. The aim of the work is to substantiate the implementation effectiveness differential programs medical and social rehabilitation voluntarily hospitalized patients with paranoid schizophrenia, aimed at reducing the hospitalism level. Materials and methods. Grouped sample of 100 patients with paranoid schizophrenia: compensated group (compensation in clinical and social aspects); adapted group (pronounced clinical disorders with satisfactory social compensation); decompensated group (decompensation in clinical and social aspects); conflict group (clinical manifestations low level and pronounced social decompensation). Clinical scales for assessing positive and negative schizophrenia symptoms and assessing the personal and social functioning level. Results. Based on the clinical indicators compliance assessment with the social functioning level for social adaptation of patients various groups, differential programs have been developed aimed at reducing the hospitalization level, including various kinds of psychosocial interventions. Conclusion. The main clinical and improving medical social aspects care for patients with paranoid schizophrenia are the psychiatric reorientation care to social functioning, mandatory psychotherapeutic and psychoeducational medications prescriptions support.

The aim of the study was to evaluate sex-specific metabolic changes at the laboratory animals during spontaneous recovery after a single exposure to the pancreatotoxicant – alloxan. Toxic damage of pancreas was induced by a single intraperitoneal injection of alloxan (150 mg/kg) after 18 hours of starvation. In animals of control and experimental groups 1, 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after the administration of pancreotoxicant, the content of albumin, glucose, triglycerides, lactic and pyruvic acids, carboxylesterase activity, as well as the indicators of antioxidant status (malonic dialdehyde and catalase in erythrocytes, oxidase activity of ceruloplasmin) were determined in blood plasma. In experimental alloxan-induced damage of the pancreas in laboratory rats of both sexes, certain gender differences in changes in a number of biochemical parameters and antioxidant system parameters were found. The analysis of the results of the study showed that females were more sensitive to the effect of pancreatotoxicant, and normalization of the studied parameters during spontaneous recovery was slower in them than in males. The main negative effect of alloxan on the organism of females was observed on the 7th day after administration. The revealed sex differences should be taken into account when planning experimental works and explaining their results.

The search for informative indicators for assessing health during hypoxic training and individualizing educational tracks is one of the current scientific tasks. Purpose. to determine indicators of the component composition of the body, which are predictors of individual resistance to hypoxic loads, and to identify the corresponding morphotypes. Materials and methods. The studies were conducted on practically healthy individuals (military university cadets) of both sexes, first year students. A total of 20 boys and 16 girls were examined. Eight consecutive Ruffier tests were used as a load hypoxic series, the execution of which ended with the Genchi test. The entire load series was carried out in a GP-7 filter gas mask. The background values of the Genchi test and the values of the Genchi test during the recovery period were also determined – 10 minutes after removing the gas mask. Before the loading series, the component composition of the body and the main anthropometric indicators were determined, and at the end of the Genchi test the saturation of peripheral blood was determined. Results. The results obtained allowed us to identify three morphotypes: stable with high performance, prone to hypoxemia during hypoxic loads and prone to hypoxemia during recovery after hypoxic loads.

The aim of our study is to characterize the features of Nf-kb expression in the outer granular and outer pyramidal layers of the motor cortex of the brain in diabetic encephalopathy. Immunohistochemical examination of the inner pyramidal layer of the motor cortex revealed the following differences between the intact and untreated type I DM groups: in the untreated type I DM group, the expression of Nf-kb IRM was observed mainly in the nuclei of damaged neurons in the form of lumps, in the intact group – in the cytoplasm of intact pericaryons. In the intact group, the expression of IRM was detected in vertically positioned axons of neurons, in the group of type I diabetes without treatment, the expression of Nf-kb in vertical processes was not detected. Specific changes were also observed in the pharmacorrection group: the picture of the immunohistochemical description of the aminalon group, succicardium, to a greater extent corresponded to the picture of the intact group. In the group of pharmacorrection with mefargine, the picture is similar to that of type I diabetes without treatment.

Preventive aspects of primary health care for the population are rightfully considered the most popular type of activity. Experts note that this type of assistance is the most popular and at the same time not the most difficult in terms of organization. The most important area of activity of primary care is preventive work, the effectiveness of which directly depends on its accessibility. The purpose of the study. Determination of the effectiveness of the use of mobile offices and mobile forms of work in the Volgograd region in the period 2018–2022. Material and methods. The material for the work was the form of federal statistical observation No. 30 "Information on a medical organization". The observation period included the analysis of materials from 2018 to 2022 inclusive. Statistical data processing was carried out using traditional methods and the use of personal computer software. Outcomes. Dynamic observation of the studied period of time in the Southern Federal District and the Volgograd Region showed a statistical pattern indicating the availability of reserves for the volume of medical care using the available resources of mobile units of medical organizations. In the Volgograd region, among all units for mobile forms of work, the most numerous are mobile medical teams, in 2022 the total number of these units was 60, which is 7 units less than in 2018. The provision of mobile units for the on-site form of medical care to the population of the Volgograd region in 2023 amounted to 4.9 per 100 thousand population. Conclusion. The most important area of activity of primary care is preventive work, the effectiveness of which directly depends on its accessibility. The efficiency of the work of mobile offices and the field form of work in the Volgograd region has been determined.

Predicting the course of inflammatory and reparative processes by studying cytokines and growth factors contained in biological fluids of the oral cavity is especially important in patients with concomitant pathologies, including diabetes mellitus. The purpose of the study is to justify the use of biomarkers for the diagnosis of inflammatory and reparative processes in the oral cavity in patients with diabetes mellitus after tooth extraction surgery. Materials and methods of research. A clinical and laboratory examination of 50 patients who underwent tooth extraction for chronic periodontitis was carried out. 25 of them had type 2 diabetes mellitus, 25 had no concomitant pathology (comparison group). Laboratory studies included determination of the level of cytokines and growth factors in the sockets of extracted teeth. Results. Clinical indicators indicate a longer inflammatory process in the tooth socket. Its epithelization in patients with type 2 diabetes took longer than in patients without concomitant pathology. The level of biomarkers of the tooth socket in patients with diabetes mellitus is characterized by the production of less than in the comparison group, the amount of most of the pro-inflammatory cytokines we studied, the anti-inflammatory cytokine RAIL-1 and the growth factor VEGF with an increase in the level of TGF. Conclusion. Data from clinical indicators and the level of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines, growth factors in the dental sockets of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus indicate a slowdown in inflammatory and reparative processes due to a violation of immunoregulatory mechanisms.