Vol 4, No 1 (2022)
Russian history
A Group of foreigners in the ruling elite of the Russian Empire in the 1730s: Main Development Trends
Abstract
The article is devoted to foreigners as an integral part of the Russian ruling elite during the reign of Anna Ioannovna, when, as it is known, foreigners played a significant role in political decision-making and in court life. The author analyzes the concept of the ruling elite and establishes the criteria by which certain statesmen and grandees should be attributed to its representatives. He defines the main aspects of the analysis of the foreign part of this group, namely, the dynamics of its number, criteria and degree of integration into Russian society, the spread of favoritism. The analysis led the author to the conclusion that the foreign part of the Russian ruling elite increased from 24% to 36% during the period under review, integration processes slowed down compared to the previous period, and, on the contrary, the trend towards the spread of favoritism intensified.
5-10
Volost and magistrate courts in the socio-cultural space of post-reform russia (on the materials of samara province in 1861-1889)
Abstract
The article is devoted to the formation and reform of local justice in 1861-1889 from the perspective of local (regional) history using the methodology of socio-cultural analysis, the concepts of “social trust” and “social capital”. It contains a characteristic of the volost courts in the state and udel villages of the Samara province until the 1861. The author addresses the problems of the formation and development of the magistrate court in the Samara province in the 1860-1870s, its specifics in comparison with the volost courts. She notes such common features of local justice bodies as complete economic dependence on the population and the desire to reconcile the parties. The thesis is postulated about the restrained confidence of the peasants in the newly created institution of the world court, their desire to have the opportunity to choose between the old and new local justice bodies. The author reveals differences in the approaches of peasants to local judicial institutions, depending on the ethno-confessional situation in the volost, contradictions within the peasant community and the influence of the elders on the volost court.
11-21
Political work in the troops of the soviet eastern front (1918 - 1919): a brief characteristic of documentary
Abstract
During the fratricidal Civil War in Russia in its front-line stage (1918-1920), the military-historical phenomenon of political work in the Red Army was formed, strengthened and established. This phenomenon has become a subject of historical study and is reflected in a huge array of historiographic and source studies. In this article, the author presents a brief description of the documentary block of the source base for studying the problem of political work in the troops of the Soviet Eastern Front in 1918-1919.
22-31
The history of the forest industry of the volga region of the pre-war five-year plans in the materials of archival funds: the problem of missing documents
Abstract
The forestry industry of the USSR played an important role in the pre-war industrialization. At present, there are no studies that examine and analyze in detail all the main aspects of the development of forestry and the forest industry both in the Volga region as a whole and individual administrative-territorial formations of this region during the years of pre-war industrialization. The main materials on the history of the exploitation of the forests of the Volga region in the 1930s are contained precisely in the archival funds. In this article the main attention is focused on the disappearance from the archival funds of the documentation of the largest logging organizations, i.e., forest trusts, which is valuable for researchers of the industrial development of the region. Only the safety of documents of the territorial departments of forest protection and forest plantations of the Penza, Kuibyshev and Saratov regions, created in 1936, can be considered satisfactory.
32-38
«Great difficulties»: A.M. Soifer's report on the problems of establishing the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute in 1942
Abstract
The paper is devoted to passive resistance as a reaction of bureaucracy to the decision of the central government to establish the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute. The authors try to interpret the motives and logic of the behavior of officials, and also draft scenarios for resolving the conflict. Special attention is paid to the mechanism of interaction between the management of the Aviation Institute and the authorities of the Kuibyshev region. In the appendix to the article the authors publish the text of the memorandum of the first director of the institute A.M. Soifer to the secretary for the aviation industry of the Kuibyshev Regional Committee of the All-Union Communist Party of Bolsheviks N.I. Mosalov “On the deployment of the work of the Kuibyshev Aviation Institute”.
39-45
World history
Triumph and tragedy: the events of world war i in the ideology of the troubles participants (1969-1998)
Abstract
The paper covers the specifics of the interpretation of the World War I events by radical unionist and republican groups during the Troubles in 1969-1998. The main sources are urban physical memorials in Northern Ireland. The author identifies the origins of the motives for the glorification of the figures of the World War I participants, in particular, the Battle of the Somme, and the Easter Rising. The mechanism of mutual influence of historical memory, narratives associated with collective trauma or collective triumph, and mythology constructed by radical groups to broadcast their own ideology is described. The author concludes that events of the past which have a special symbolic meaning for the identity of Catholics and Protestants in Northern Ireland, are interpreted within the framework of radical Unionist and Republican ideology, and act as tools for legitimizing violence, mobilizing the population and preserving social polarization.
46-55
History of international relations and foreign policy
The tsar Feodor Ivanovich point of view in the Lapland dispute between Russia and Denmark Norway (on the example of the Tsar’s letter of march 1586 addressed to King Frederick II of Denmark)
Abstract
The article is devoted to the correspondence of Tsar Fyodor Ivanovich with the King of Denmark-Norway Frederick II on the Lapland issue, a major border dispute on the delimitation of the territories of European Arctic. In this paper, the author examines the system of the argumentation of the Russian power in the Lapland dispute on the example of the tsar’s letter of March 1586, as well as the point of view of the Danish government on various issues related to the Lapland dispute in the Russian-Danish diplomatic relations.
56-68
Russian diplomacy in the Balkans: mission of Ya. Ozereckovsky and E. Kovalevsky in Montenegro (1837 - 1838). Part 1.
Abstract
The paper is devoted to the activities of Russian officers and envoys of the St. Petersburg government during the reign of Bishop Petar II Petrović Njegoš in Montenegro. Their arrival in Cetinje at that time was of great importance not only for strengthening Montenegrin-Russian relations, but also for settling the internal and external situation in Montenegro. The appointment of Lieutenant Colonel Jakov Nikolajevich Ozereckovski took place immediately after Njegoš’s second visit to the Russian capital. Ozereckovski’s tasks were to study the social and economic situation in Montenegro as comprehensively as possible, as well as to contribute to the state reforms of Petar II Njegoš. Based on his reports, the Russian government decided to send a new envoy to Montenegro, a young captain and mining engineer Yegor Petrovich Kovaljevski. Although he failed to find the alleged traces of gold in the river Zlatica, Kovaljevski nevertheless unexpectedly found himself in the role of a talented negotiator during the Montenegrin-Austrian border dispute, and his actions contributed to the successful resolution of the conflict.
69-77
The mythologization of the second world war in cinema: the historiography of the usa
Abstract
In historical science, there are three fundamentally different approaches to the problem of analyzing "action films": 1) the study of films as one of the tools of propaganda and ideology. Such works prove that the federal government and Hollywood worked very closely, especially in the period 1939-1945, to create through films the necessary images of war, allies and enemies. 2) the study of films from a cultural perspective, where the relationship between fiction and reality, the author's approaches and concepts of directors, the influence of films on US art is at the fore. The key problems in this category are such problems as the definition of the genre of films, features of the plot, motives and semantic content. 3) the study of departments and structures that create films (primarily, the largest film studios). This direction is associated with the analysis of propaganda, but has a greater emphasis on the study of interactions within the film community.
78-82
The 1986 Soviet-American summit in Reykjavik
Abstract
The article is devoted to one of the most important summits at the highest level at the end of the Cold War. During the implementation of the renewed Soviet international policy of New Thinking, the American side was apprehensive about taking reciprocal steps aimed at breaking the bipolar structure of the world. Many obstacles had to be overcome by both the USSR and the USA: mutual distrust that had been developing for several decades, insufficient coordination within the administrations of diplomatic missions, loud statements by independent American media, contradictory situations in the intelligence services, etc. The author of the article pays attention to the espionage scandal that took place on the eve of the upcoming meeting, which significantly slowed down the negotiation process. She has studied in detail the documentary materials of the US State Archive of National Security, which provided an opportunity to cover the events of 1986 in a more multifaceted and accurate way. The article contains references to the publication of US intelligence reports to the president, as well as a personal letter from Mikhail Gorbachev to R. Reagan, which is known to the Russian scientific world only as recorded from Gorbachev's words. An analysis of the 1986 Reykjavik meeting is based on English-language documents as well as archival video materials from the Reagan Presidential Library. Memoirs of eyewitnesses of the summit made it possible to trace the historical and psychological aspects of the negotiations. The author used the personal diary of President R. Reagan and the complete edition of the memoirs of Secretary of State J. Schultz, which have not yet been translated into Russian, that made it possible to give a more accurate picture of the motives and fears of the White House on the eve of the Soviet-American meeting in 1986.
83-95
History of Science and Technology
International energy congresses and symposiums: reflection in the documents of research institutes of the USSR in the 1950s-1960s
Abstract
The article is based on the materials of the Soviet research institutes of the energy profile which are deposited in the Russian State Archive in Samara. The authors consider the forms of scientific communications, the topics of the issues discussed, the influence of the foreign policy situation on the development of international scientific relations in this area in the middle of the twentieth century. The successes achieved by that time in the electric power industry could increase with the acceleration of its transmission over long distances and the creation of unified energy systems.
Such a common understanding of the prospects contributed to the active international interaction of scientists and practitioners in the field of energy.
96-107
Archaeology and ethnography
Stone inventory of the III Beregovaia site of the Gorbynovsky pit bog (middle Trans-Urals)
Abstract
The coastal sites of the Gorbunovsky peat bog have been studied by archaeologists since pre-war times. However, not all identified complexes are fully published. The article publishes previously unknown materials from the Stone and Bronze Ages of the 3-rd Coastal site. Statistical-typological, tracological and mineralogical methods were used in the analysis of stone products. The study of the stone inventory made it possible to identify features uncharacteristic for settlement complexes (Paleolithic bifaces, trapezes with side recesses, comb stamps, pendants, unusual types of tools). Among the non-utilitarian items, stone pendants, stripes and ochre-colored objects should be noted. The inhabitants of the peat bog made extensive use of the local raw material base. The list of mineral raw materials reaches 20 names, which represent the composition of local pebbles. The products made of volcanomictic sandstone, siliceous shales and milky quartz dominate on the site.
108-125
Scientitfic reports
To the question about innovations in Hungarian commemorative numismatics
Abstract
The article contains a characteristic of some of the innovations in the development of Hungarian numismatic products over the past decades. The author examines interesting trends in the production of commemorative coins, characterizes metal, size, weight and shape of products, indicates the circulation and thematic of the coins. Particular attention is paid to the combination of national traditions of Hungary in numismatic products and political innovations. The author underlines those trends and inventions that can be borrowed by other countries.
126-129
Reviews and Reviews
A new historical magazine has appeared in Samara. Review of: Samara archivist. Scientific almanac. Issue 1. 2. Samara, 2021
Abstract
Российский государственный архив в г. Самаре начал выпускать научный альманах «Самарский архивист». Журнал выходит два раза в год, и в 2021 г. вышло два его номера. Поздравляем коллег и желаем плодотворной работы на благо общества.
Главный редактор журнала доктор исторических наук О.Н. Солдатова, предваряя статьи, опубликованные в первом номере, обозначила главную цель редакционной политики: «сохранение исторической правды и исторической памяти поколений». Архивы – бесценные хранилища исторических документов, выступают институтами «сохранения памяти – правдивой, объективной, неподвластной конъюнктурным устремлениям»
130-132
Review of: Gurov V.A. to be known and remembered: the role of Russia in resolving armed conflicts (1988 – 2020) / V.A. Gurov. – Moscow; Berlin: Direct-media, 2021. 464 p.
Abstract
Автор рецензируемой монографии Владимир Алексеевич Гуров, доктор исторических наук, профессор кафедры истории и философии Тольяттинского государственного университета, ветеран боевых действий, шел к своему научному произведению долгие пятнадцать лет. В предисловии, обращаясь к читателям, он пишет: «Острые чувства и болезненные воспоминания о событиях, свидетелем и участником которых мне довелось быть в первую чеченскую кампанию, в период гражданской войны в Таджикистане, в миротворческой операции в Абхазии - Грузии, сформировались в исторический очерк-воспоминания «Помнить всегда - хранить вечно». Но мучительно хотелось разобраться, почему огромная, процветающая страна раскололась, почему между мирно живущими рядом десятилетиями народами вдруг вспыхнула непримиримая вражда. Эти раздумья трансформировались в несколько научных трудов: кандидатскую и докторскую диссертации, 5 монографий, более 50 научных статей, посвященных данной проблематике в современном мире»
133-139