POLITICAL FACTORS OF STABILITY OF THE SOCIETY (ON THE EXAMPLE OF KRASNOYARSK REGION)


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Abstract

It is considered the problem of political factors of regional stability. Using methods of expert questionnaires and analysis of indicators the author explains nature of stability on the example of Krasnoyarsk Region. Particularly the regional political institutes are considered in the support of stability.

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About the authors

M. S. Negrova

References

  1. l(. B11HorpaJJ.OB, H. A. foJJOBHH. Cl16. : 1-htx.-BO C.-11eTep6. ya-ra, 1997. 176 c. CaBHH, C•.l(. I1om1rnqecKa11 cTa61111bHOCTb B H3MeHRIOll.leMCll o61l.1,ecTBe :.n11c. I C.l(. Caa11H. CI16. : 113JJ.-BO C.-Ilerep6. roe. yH-"ra,2003. 195c. KpasqeHKO, C. A. Cou.11011ornqecKHH 3HU.HKJJOneJJ.HlleCKHH pyccKo-aHrn11ucKHH cnoBapb I C. A. Kpas"!eHKO. M.:ACT,2002. 512 c.

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