Vol 7, No 2 (2007)

On the basis of statistics from the Ministry of Health and Social Development of Russia and Commettee of Health of the Saint-Petersburg Government for 2001-2005 years, an analysis of traumatism and orthopaedic sick rate, invalidism and children mortality rate due to external factors was carried out.

A questioning of paediatric traumatologists and orthopaedists in the Nord-West Federal Region and in Saint-Petersburg as to questions of organization, prevention and medical care for the period 2001-2005 has allowed to evaluate the present state of traumatologic and orthopaedic care of children and to make proposals for its improvement.

In the review there are discussed the problems of mental disorders in women connected with hypophysis-ovarian system dysfunction caused by fluctuations in natural menstrual cycle, surgical interventions and ageing (senescence). There are examined the mechanisms of estrogen action on brain function and behavior as well as the possibility of pharmacocorrection.

The results of experimental studies of the Wistar line male rats demonstrated dopamine and adrenalin to effect differently the remodeling of the right and left cardiac chambers in rats. Data obtained give evidence of a more marked structural changes and a lower level myocardial remodeling reversion in the right ventricle vs the left one.

The aim of the study was the analysis of the influence of polymorphism Glu298Asp of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene in patients with arterial hypertension (AH). The study included 98 AH patients at stage // and //I (male, Russian nationals, average age 53,2). The following analyses were performed: clinical analysis of the blood, general analysis of the urine, lipid spectrum, plasma electrolytes, creatinine, glucose, electrocardiography, echocardioscopy, examination of the eye vessels, ultrasound examination of the carotid arteries, microalbuminuria. Other risk factors were taken into consideration (hereditary predisposition, smoking, obesity). The polymorphism Glu298Asp of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene was detected with two methods: polymerase chain reaction and restrictase reaction. The control group for Glu298Asp polymorphism detection included 102 healthy Russian donors aged 18 to 50. Statistical significance of the differences was probed with the ч2 criterion. The genotypes ratios in AH patients were as follows: GG 54%, GA 36%, AA 10%, in the control group: GG 53%, GA 36%, AA 11%. The polymorphism Glu298Asp of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene was independent of such risk factors as hereditary predisposition to AH, dyslipidemia, obesity, diabetes mellitus. Among the target organ pathology in AH, retinal angiopathy, carotid arteries atherosclerosis, hypertrophy of the left ventricle and microalbuminuria were found to be independent of the polymorphism Glu298Asp of endothelial nitric oxide synthase gene. The Glu298Asp polymorphism did not affect the incidence of associated clinical complications, such as obliterating atherosclerosis of the lower extremity vessels, ischemic heart disease, and acute insufficiency of cerebral circulation, whereas chronic heart failure had a significantly lower incidence in the group of AA homozygotes as compared to patients with GA and GG genotypes.

The chemical composition of teeth enamel and hair of persons of the different age groups constantly living in industrial centers of Northwest of Russia (Saint Petersburg, Apatites, Monchegorsk) by mass-spectrometry method with inductively coupled argon plasma is studied. The distinctions in chemical compositions of tissues of inhabitants of various cities using the cluster analysis are established. Symbasis of environmental changes of microelement composition of hair and tooth hard tissues is revealed.

The author, basing on his experience in the field of research of morphogenesis and pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and taking into account at the same time analysis of the appropriate scientific literature, presented his personal idea on the problem of preventive heaith care and treatment of atherosclerosis. Nowadays it is not possible to disclaim the fact that today it is impossible to develop the strategy of atherosclerosis treatment without taking into consideration those deep changes into the immune system that occur during development of the disease. Prescribing any therapy to a client, basing only on the values of the lipids level in blood, means to return back to the XX century. So, on the other hand, development of modern methods of treatment of atherosclerosis that are based on pathogenetic knowledge need new methodology, on the background of which development of a vaccine against atherosclerosis becomes possible.