Vol 1, No 1 (2001)

Adjuvant chemotherapy of breast cancer is the most significant achievement in therapy of early stages of breast cancer. The positive results grew higher after adding taxans to standart therapy by means of doxorubicine in combination with cyclophosphamide. The same findings were revealed after using trastuzumab (herceptin) for therapy of metastatic forms of breast cancer. The problems of rational chemotherapy, planning of strategy and drugs of choice for breast cancer are discussed in the article.

The effects of local anaesthetics, antiarhythmic drugs and analgetics (opioid and adrenopositive) on calcium, potassium and sodium channels of Lymnaea stagnalis mollusc were studied in method of intracellular perfusion of isolated neurons with fixed membrane potential. All drugs in concentrations 10^-12-10^-3 mol were added in perfused solutions. Local anaesthetics and analgetics inhibited sodium currents preferably, but antiartythmic drugs acted on calcium currents. No selectivity was revealed in effects of drugs studied on neural currents. It is suggested that the drugs studied can stabilise membrane or change membrane potential near ion channels. The drugs inhibit voltage-dependent channels and interact with gate structures of ion channels changing kinetics of there activation or inactivation.

The paper is devoted to participation of mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic system of the brain in reinforcing effects of dopaminergic drugs, glucocorticoid hormones and ethanol. The data of structural and functional organization of the brain reinforcing systems are described. The main attention is done to medial prefrontal cortex and ventral tegmental area. The involvement of D₁ and D₂ families of dopamine receptors in reinforcing mechanisms was proved using pharmacological analysis. The special part of the paper is devoted to ontogenetic studies of the reinforcing system formation. The mechanisms of participation of the brain dopaminergic system in reinforcing effects of glucocorticoids and ethanol are considered as well.

Hematological abnormalitis develop quite often it the patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Anaemia is the most frequent hematological syndrome. The anaemia was diagnosed in 49,1% RA cases and 48,8% hard SLE. The essential pathogenetic differences were revealed between an iron deficiency anaemia and anaemia in a chronic disease, prevailing at the patients RA and SLE. The anaemia at RA and SLE was characterized by normal or low level of iron, low percent iron transferrin saturation at high levels of a serum transferrin, gaptoglobin and ferritin reduced production of erythrocytes in an bone marrow at presence of adequate iron reserves, and also essential elevation of serum erythropoietin. Thus erythropoietin level mostly depended on the activity of a main disease, than from of an expression of an anaemia symptoms.

Urogenital chlamydial infection is widely spread in Novgorod region among women of reproductive age. According to the statistics, the frequency of the infection is on the second place after ureaplasmal infection. In the majority of cases, mixed chlamydial infection with urealyticum was diagnosed. A number of methods were used to diagnose chlamydial infection. We found that immunohystochemical method with "DACO" diagnostic kits can be used for the ethiolodical diagnosis of chlamydial infection. This method reveals the expression of chlamydia in epitelial cells, which is very important for characteristics of infectious process. In our patients the study of immunity shawed the greater involvement of mucosal immunity than the general one. These parameters in complex with specific immunity are important for monitoring of treatment.

A method of transoesophagal electrocardiostimulation was used to reveal chronic coronary disease in 73 patients with reconstructive operations on aortal branches and 67 patients with cerebral atherosclerosis. It was documentated a high information significance of transoesophagal electrocardiostimulation for diagnostics of coronary disease.

Investigations concerning peculiarities of working conditions, professional chronical dust pathology of lungs, confirmed by the results of acute and chronical experiment on molecular, cellular and organ levels and also by the data ofthermodynamic test of possibility of decomposition of acting substance -mullit on components oxides and radicals, give grounds for making a supposition about availability of specific mechanism of development of chronical pathology of lungs for workers under influence of mullit dust. During the process of researches regulation of kaolin and mullit has been carried out, the scheme of treatment and preventive measures of the pathology was worked out.

Thus, decoding of physicochemical and thermodynamic characteristics of mullit and peculiarities of its citotoxic, fibrogenic and genotoxicological influence in experiment give us grounds to regard dust disease of lungs under dust mullit effect as one of the new forms of chronic pathology of lungs - mullitoz.

The aticle is devoted to the questions of medical ecology as a separate medical-biological part of human ecology, which study results of environmental changes for the health of population, definitions of environmentdependent and environment-caused diseases are discussed, as well as role of nutrition, physical, chemical and other factors in determining the health of population. The need for physicians training in the environmental issues are explored, including postgraduate training as a form of continuos medical education which helps to deepen knowledge's of the role of environment in health and disease, usage of the knowledge obtained in practical work, diagnosis and treatment.

The atherogenesis is examined from two points of view: the development of immune inflammation in the vessel wall by the type of reaction of delayed hypersensitivity in response to the formation of modified lowdensity lipoproteins (mLDL); the obligate parasites (cytomegalovirus, chlamydia), as an important etiologic factor in the formation of atherosclerotic lessions of arteries.