Vol 5, No 3 (2005)

In review of known Russian scientists, the main modern concepts of life quality from the point of view of preventive medicine have been observed.

IL-12 family consists from IL-12, IL-23 and IL-27 play crucial role in innate and adoptive immunity regu­lation. Herewith in spite of their structure homology they possess different sites in Th1 cells differentiation. So IL-27 is involved in Th1 cells development earlier than IL-12. It induces nanve T cells proliferation, activates of IL-12RP2 and T-bet expression. IL-23 plays role the key factor in T memory cells proliferation, defends them from apoptosis and increases their lifetime. IL-23 is a strong inducer of INF-y production.

Cytokines of IL-12 family participates in defense of organism from intracellular infection especially from tuberculosis. They induce antimycobacterial T cell immunity, develop tuberculomas, and activate CD8 cell to kill infected macrophages. In defense from infections are generated by T gondii and L. major IL-27 /WSX-1 are needed.

Immunohistochemical study of the expression of markers of angiogenesis and apoptosis in villius chori­on of full-term and endurable placentas, which were taken from women of different age has been carried out. The decrease of the expression of endothelial marker CD34 in chorion villi correlated with women age. The decrease of proliferative activity of villius chorion and increase of apoptosis, that are connected with woman age have been shown also.

Jn leucocytes and human fibroblasts, in native solutions of DNA and biological tissue model in derm of experimental rats effects of permanent and impulse impact of helium-neon, clye and alexandrite laser were studied. Changes in derm morphology, dynamics of interstitial temperature within tissue model and concen­tration of oxygen active forms in cell tissues, degree of DNA destruction and ratio of necrotic and apoptotic cells after laser exposure were investigated.

Jt was established that under repeated impulse midenergetic Local Laser impact on derm and its derivates activation of proliferation occured. Jn case of impulse energy rise and over passing its limits rang symptoms of distrophy and necrobiosis in rat derm were checked. Jt was shown that termic effect of miden­ergetic impulse action are not capable to produce damage effects causing cell necroses. Laser radiation with­in the range in contrast to high energetic dosage causes apoptotic cell perish not necrotic one. Jnitiation of programmed cell death can be caused by direct impact of radiation on mitochondria structure and mediated- ly by activation of intracellular processes of oxygen active forms production.

The behavioral effects of native human corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) and its agonists D-Glu-20 (Rj) and D-Pro-5 (R₂) administered into the lateral brain ventriculus (0.01-1 mkg) of Sprague-Dowley rats in open field, dark-light, Y-maze and place preference tests. The different action of CRH and its agonists on anx­iety level and short-term memory was revealed. D-Glu-20, a R₁ agonist of CRH, acted as an anxiogen in open field and dark-light tests. D-Pro-5, a R₂ agonist of CRH, did not cause a typical anxiogenic effect, but did non­specific suppression of behavior. D-Pro-5 only in high doses decreased a number of entries into the light box in dark-light test. At the same time, that compound both enhanced the short-term memory in maximal degree and prevented the memory decrease induced by diazepam. The data obtained are in agree with the findings of literature about differential participation of R, and R_? receptor systems of CRH in regulation of emotional and mnemic components of behavior. The anxiogenic action of CRH is connected with activation of R₁ recep­tors of CRH.

30 men with latent chronic HCV-infection were kept under observation. Their age was between 15 and 45 years. The diagnosis chronic hepatitis С (CHC) was proved by detection of summary antibodies to virus hepatitis C (anti-HCV) in patients and by data of liver biopsy. On the base of hepatobioptates morphological research it was proved that examined patients with CHC had low expressed (I stage) or moderate (II stage) fibrosis. The comparative immune analysis showed differences in immune status between groups of patients with CHC with low expressed and moderate fibrosis.

The aim of our study was the analysis of target organ leasions in patients with arterial hypertension (AH) without regular treatment. 74 patients with arterial hypertension (AH) were investigaed (40 female, 34 male; 5 were 18-40 years old, 28 - 40-50 years old, 27 - 50-60 years old, 14 - over 60 years old). On the basis of the National Recommendations, a questionnaire for the patient with AH was designed, followed by its elec­tronic version. The peculiarities of the disease were analyzed, as well as it’s therapy, accompanying diseases, risk factors, the patients’ working conditions, character features, lifestyle, physical activity, and gynecological anamnesis of the female patients. The following information was collected: physical examination, urine ana­lyzes, creatinine, blood lipids, electrolytes, glucose, fibrinogen, ECG, EchoCG, kidney ultrasound exanima­tion, ECG monitoring (31 patients), aortal arch ultrasound examination (48). All the data were collected in the united information space, and the main databank of the whole system was available for search. All results were presented automatically to allow selecting the most informative ones and analyzing the changes during monitoring, and a number of values were calculated automatically. The first stage of the disease was found in 10 patients, the second stage - in 38, the third stage - in 26. The risk digree was low in 5 patients, middle in 3, high in 29, and very high in 37 patients. With the help of the information system target organ lesions were analyzed based on the AH history (under 5 years - in 27 patients, 5-10 years - in 22, over 10 years - in 25 patients). The influence of risk factors on the severity of the disease was evaluated at different AH stages. We came to the following conclusions: the patient’s complaints had to do with target organ lesions, most of the patients had stage 2 or 3 of the disease because of the accompanying ischemic heart disease or cere­bral atherosclerosis, and most of them were in the high or very high risk groups because of multiple target organs lesions, multiple risk factors and high levels of arterial pressure. The ambulatory patients with AH need regular ECG monitoring and aortal arch ultrasound examination. Information systems are required for a bet­ter organization of AH patients monitoring.

250 patients with acute thrombosis and arterial embolism have been studied. The analysis of reaction of platelets on heparin therapy have been performed in the paper.

Actual questions of assessment of health indexes both of children and teenagers are being considered in the article. This problem is frequently touched upon by scientists in a mass ecological and hygienic inves­tigations from the point of view of medical and biological statistics. The modern approaches in using of the statistical methods of the assessment analysis of disorder, level of physical development, indexes of immune system and frequency of atopic reactions are proposed. 28 448 children and teenagers living in different areas with different climatic, geographical, hygienic and ecological conditions have been examined in the Republic of Karelia.

The aim of the paper is to discuss some methodological issues of the study of atherosclerosis. Forms of arterial damage, which do not concern with atherosclerosis, though are accompanied with lipoid spots and fibrous plaques, are chosen and described. The problem of “prelipoid” stage of atherosclerosis and issues of its ethiology and pathogenesis is also discussed. Great attention is devoted to nosology and the problem of aetiology of atherosclerosis.