Vol 16, No 2 (2018)

This review analyzes the research results of additional effects and mechanisms of action of sugar-reducing drugs. Hence it has been suggested that asymmetric dimethylarginine may be a target molecule for metformin, vildagliptin, and combinations thereof.

Aim. Comparative analysis of the efficiency of metal-complex (πQ1983, πQ2721) and aminothiol (Amtizole, Sunazole) antihypoxants in experiments on rats exposed to acute hypoxia with hypercapnia.

Methods. Experiments performed on 182 male rats of Wistar line weighing 150-170 g. The study of antihypoxic activity of substances was carried out on the model the AH+Hc. The condition of acute hypoxia in rats was formed by placing them in glass airtight containers with a free volume of 1.0 L. Antihypoxic effect was evaluated by the life expectancy of animals in the described conditions. Substances πQ2721, πQ1983, Amtizole and Sunazole was administered once intraperitoneally at doses of 25, 50 and 100 mg/kg. Previously each substance was dissolved in 0.9% NaCl (1.0 ml). Testing the effectiveness of the substances on AH+Hc model was carried out after 1 h after administration of the substances and after 24 h. Animals of control groups were injected with 1.0 ml of 0.9% NaCl. In animals exposed to test AH+Hc in 1 h after administration were performed measurements of the rectal temperature before the experiment and through 1 h after administration, i.e. before AH+Hc. In animals selected for 24-hour observation, rectal temperature was measured before the experiment, and then after 1, 3, 6, 12, 18 and 24 h of observation, after which they were exposed to AH+Hc.

Results. The antihypoxic effect of a selenium-containing substance πQ2721 based on Zn2+ was confirmed in experiments on rats. In a number of substances for comparison the πQ2721 proved himself not only as equally effective. It is found that after 1 h after administration at a dose of 50 mg/kg πQ2721 superior to all studied compounds, including antihypoxant with succinate Sunazole. An important advantage of the new promising antihypoxic agent was the preservation of its action for 24 hours after injection.

The aim of investigation was to study the role of the hypothalamic serotoninergic system in mechanisms of blocking action of the orexin receptor antagonist on amphetamine-induced self-stimulation in rats.

Methods. 27 male Wistar rats weighing 250-300 g were the object of the investigation. One week before the experiment, the microelectrodes were implanted into the lateral hypothalamus for self-stimulation and microcannulas into the bad nucleus of stria terminalis (BNST) for microinjections. The electrodes were implanted bilaterally and cannulas unilaterally (right or left). Intact rats and rats treated with amphetamine were controls. On the day of the experiment, amphetamine 1 mg/kg i.p. was injected, and then SB-408124 1 µg in 1 µl was administered into the BNST in 10 min. The rats were decapitated in 15 min after microinjection of SB-408124. The level of serotonin (Ser) and its metabolite 5-HIAA was determined in the right and the left hypothalamus by HPLC with electrochemical detection.

Results. In intact rats, the 5-HIAA level in the left hypothalamus was higher than in the right one (p < 0.05). After systemic administration of amphetamine the ratio of 5-HIAA/Ser was significantly decreased both in the left (p < 0.05) and the right (p < 0.05) hypothalamus. The levels of Ser and 5-HIAA stated symmetrical. It is important that effects of orexin antagonist after amphetamine administration appeared only on the side contralateral to microinjection being significantly only in the left hypothalamus. After administration of orexin antagonist into the right BNST, the level of Ser in the left hypothalamus increased compared both to intact rats (p < 0.05) and rats treated with amphetamine (p < 0.05).

Conclusion. The results suggest that the left hypothalamus plays a leading role in developing of self-stimulation reaction and support the hypothesis that the serotoninergic system is involved in mechanism of blocking action of orexin receptors antagonist on self-stimulation activated with amphetamine.

The development of mountain sickness symptoms is one of the limiting factors of successful physical performance in middle mountains and highlands. Among drugs with established effectiveness for the prophylaxis of an acute mountain sickness carbonic anhydrase inhibitor acetazolamidum is also viewed, but at presence there is no universal approach to this issue and drug dosage regimen for its administration have not been elaborated.

Aim. А comprehensive analysis of acetazolamidum being administered in the range of effective doses has been carried out.

Methods. During the experiment the effect of acetazolamidum on physical performance and resistance of rats to an acute hypobaric hypoxia when administered in the range of effective doses (20, 40 and 80 mg/kg) was studied. During full-scale approbation the effect of acetazolamidum in various dosages on adaptation processes in the course of a rapid dislocation from middle mountains to highlands (glade Azau-the Elbrus mountain) was assessed.

Results. The undertaken study showed that the administration of acetazolamidum to rats beginning from a daily do sage 20 mg/kg, that corresponds to human intake of 250 mg of the drug, promotes significant increase of survival time of rats following acute hypoxic exposure as well as growth of an animal performance ability factor under hypoxia.

Conclusion. In the course of full-scale approbation it was established that prophylactic intake of acetazolamidum in examined doses prevents the development of symptoms of an acute mountain sickness when rapid dislocation from middle mountains (2300 m) to highlands (5000 m) takes place in the background of physical activity according to the results of sportsmen’s performance of Lake Louise test.

The article discusses the problems of irrational medicines use at the hospital level of the health care system from the perspective of evidence-based medicine and assessment of the adherence of doctors to follow the recommendations from the developed clinical guidelines and protocols of the Kyrgyz Republic.

The study purpose was to analyze the use of medicines and assess the problems of irrational use in hospital-based health facilities in the Kyrgyz Republic.

The material of the study was the sheets of prescriptions from the case histories and the questionnaire on the study of the determinants for using and prescription of medicines by methods of excavation, questionnaires and the analysis of the prescriptions to clinical guidelines and protocols.

The results of our study showed that doctors admit inefficient use of medicines – polypharmacy, prescription of drugs with unproven efficacy and safety, do not follow recommendations from clinical guidelines and protocols under different pretexts. Data from the questionnaires of doctors revealed an inverse correlation between the prescriptions of medicines in accordance with approved national clinical guidelines and protocols and work experience, i.e. the longer the work of the doctor, the less they are guided by the clinical guidelines and protocols (p < 0.05). The results indicate a low level of adherence of doctors to the use of clinical guidelines and protocols, gaps in the awareness of the population on the use of drugs, the lack of a single information system in the sphere of drug circulation.

The effect of a complex herbal remedy on the function of the central nervous system in rats on a model of chronic unpredictable mild stress was studied in the present work. The level of stress disorders was determined by the behavioral responses in rats using the methods of “open field”, “elevated plus maze”, “forced swimming test” and “tail suspension model”, weights of target organs. It is established that the complex herbal remedy has adaptogenic, anti-stress and antidepressant effects.