Vol 13, No 1 (2015)

The common mechanisms of acute exogenous hypoxia formation and ways of organism adaptation to this condition are considered in the review. The characteristics of brain bioelectrical activities and its energy metabolism during acute exogenous hypoxia are described in detail. Special attention has been devoted to the problem of acute hypoxia pharmacological correction by antihypoxants with emphasis on possibility to use metal-complex compounds including variable valence metals and nature biologically active substances as hypoxprotectors. The original data confirm high efficacy of zinc-contained metal-complex antihypoxants in acute hypoxia formation. The prospects of selenium-containing metal-complexes with zinc (II) as a center of complex molecule are noted.

The purpose of the paper was to study the role of cholinergic neurotransmitter system in neurochemical mechanisms of behavioral disorders in rats exposed to infraslow acoustic action (ISAA). The first group of rats was treated with a single exposure of ISAA 150 dBell. The second group (A) was treated with atropine 1 h before testing. The thrird group (ISAA + A) was pretreated with atropine 10 mg/kg 1 h prior to ISAA. The central functions were assessed in open field with preliminary typing of rats and by means of HPLC biochemical measure of dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin and their turnover in hypothalamus and hippocampus. ISAA decreased locomotor, explorative and investigative behavior in open field, passive forms of behavior being increased. Atropine reduced emotional signs of behavior and recovered locomotor activity in rats. In 24 h after ISAA the investigative, explorative and locomotor activity of rats was recovered up to background level. ISAA decreased norepinephrine level, did not change serotonin concentration and increased dopamine level in hypothalamus. Pretreatment of atropine recovered dopamine level in hypothalamus but not in hippocampus. The mechanisms of cholinergic effects on monoamine turnover in the brain and emotional behavior are discussed.

The possibility of (0.02 % solution) absorbtion was evaluated under the conditions of small intestine perfusion in situ in the experiments with albino rats. Decametoxin content was determined in the perfusate by kinetic enzymatic method using the reaction of exogenous cholinesterase inhibition. Decametoxin influence on the activity of endogenous cholinesterase of the rabbit blood plasma was also studied after the single oral administration of the drug at a dose of 6 ml/kg that corresponds to the dose of 1.2 mg/kg. It has been shown that decametoxin is almost not absorbed in rat intestine and does not influence on cholinesterase activity of the rabbit blood that substantiate the possibility of its usage in gastrointestinal infections.

The mechanisms of the neuroprotective effect of 3,2’-spiro-pyrrolo-2-оxindole derivative (code number R-86) were investigated in hippocampal sections of rats by measuring the amplitude of postsynaptic potentials in pyramidal neurons. In vitro R-86 reduced the responces to NMDA-receptors activation as well as hydrogen peroxide-induced injury, being not active in anoxia and neuroglycopenia. When systemically administered, R-86 exerted weak effect in anoxia and neuroglycopenia and decreased steroid-induced neurotoxicity.