Микробиологическое разнообразие, формирование, экологическая роль и методы исследования микробиоты кишечника свиней: обзор литературы

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Аннотация

В работе представлены данные исследований кишечной микробиоты свиней, играющей ключевую роль в поддержании здоровья и физиологии животных. В обзоре обобщены экспериментальные данные, полученные разными группами исследователей о влиянии таких параметров, как возраст, тип диеты и использование антибиотиков, на состав и функциональную активность кишечной микробиоты свиней и их вклад в распространение генов антибиотикорезистентности в условиях животноводства. Особое внимание уделено формированию и динамике состава микробиоты поросят в неонатальном периоде. Рассмотрено влияние различных типов диеты на состав и функциональную активность кишечной микробиоты свиней, в том числе на экспрессию генов гликозидгидролаз и гликозилтрансфераз и возможности модулирования состава микробиоты посредством диеты, что может минимизировать последствия стресса при отъеме и повысить продуктивность животных. Представляет интерес роль кишечной микробиоты в метаболизме аминокислот, витаминов, липидов и желчных кислот, а также функциональной метагеномике микробного сообщества, позволяющей выявлять гены, связанные с адаптацией к различным типам рациона и патологическим состояниям. В обзоре также рассматривается роль свиней в распространении генов антибиотикорезистентности, в том числе с использованием метагеномного и метатранскриптомного профилирования, а также риски, связанные с их попаданием в окружающую среду, и потенциальное воздействие на здоровье животных и человека.

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Дарья Андреевна Седова

Донской государственный технический университет; Южный федеральный университет

Автор, ответственный за переписку.
Email: dased0va@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1194-7251
SPIN-код: 6197-7220
Россия, 344000, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, д. 1; Ростов-на-Дону

Сергей Николаевич Головин

Донской государственный технический университет

Email: labbiobez@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1929-6345
SPIN-код: 5345-4005
Россия, 344000, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, д. 1

Сергей Константинович Шебеко

Донской государственный технический университет

Email: shebeko_sk@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9350-7588
SPIN-код: 7913-5266

кандидат фарм. наук

Россия, 344000, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, д. 1

Алексей Михайлович Ермаков

Донской государственный технический университет

Email: amermakov@ya.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9834-3989
SPIN-код: 5358-3424

кандидат фарм. наук

Россия, 344000, Ростов-на-Дону, пл. Гагарина, д. 1

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