The present article is concerned with the basic strategies and achievements of The All-Russian Motherhood and Infancy Charity. The Charity was founded in 1913 by a renowned Russian pediatrician K. A. Rauchfuss and was aimed to unite both physicians, charities and community institutions in order to challenge the high infant and child mortality in Russia. The experience of the The All-Russian Motherhood and Infancy Charity concerning methods and principles of organization and work of different children institutions, care of mothers and babies, sanitary education was considered as useful after the October revolution in 1917. Many ex-members of the Charity took part in developing the Soviet National Health Service System. The materials concerning the project of the Charity Institute which were not fulfilled by 1917, were incarnated in the Leningrad Institute of motherhood and childhood protection (nowadays St. Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University ).

the All-Russian Motherhood and Infancy Charity, K. A. Rauchfuss, to challenge the high infant and child mortality, Institute of Motherhood and Infancy Protection .