Etiological structure of acute respiratory viral infections in children hospitalized in infectious diseases hospitals in Saint Petersburg in 2017–2022

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: The etiological structure of acute respiratory viral infections in children is diverse. During the COVID-19 pandemic, the problem of diagnosing infectious diseases of the respiratory tract in children has become particularly relevant.

AIM: The aim is to analyze the etiological structure of acute respiratory viral infections in children hospitalized in infectious hospitals in Saint Petersburg in 2017–2022.

MATERIALS AND METHODS: The analysis of data on the etiology of acute respiratory viral infections obtained from 1,561 patients aged 1 month to 17 years hospitalized in children’s infectious diseases hospitals in St. Petersburg in the period 2017–2022 is presented. The children were divided into three age groups: group I — 1 month to 3 years (n = 600), group II — 3–6 years (n = 534), group III — older than 6 years (n = 427). The etiological interpretation was carried out by the PCR method. The observation period was divided into epidemic seasons: 2017/2018, 2018/2019, 2019/2020, 2020/2021 and 2021/2022.

RESULTS: The viral etiology of the disease in children was diagnosed in 88.6% of cases. The predominance of influenza viruses was observed in 2017/2018 (22.6%) and 2018/2019 (23.8%), and 2019/2020, 2020/2021 and 2021/2022 — the dominance of new (SARS-CoV-2) and seasonal coronaviruses (CoV-OC43 and CoV-229E). Acute rhinopharyngitis was recorded in 33.5% of cases and acute bronchitis/bronchial obstruction syndrome in 25.2% of cases. Stenosing laryngotracheitis was more often observed in young children (5.6%), pneumonia — in all age groups (3.3–4.2%). Acute respiratory viral infections caused by coronaviruses was characterized by the involvement of both the upper (48.2%) and lower (51.8%) parts of the respiratory tract in the infectious process.

CONCLUSIONS: The study of the viral landscape in hospitalized children with respiratory infection during 2017–2022 revealed a change in the etiological structure of acute respiratory viral infections associated with the appearance of a new coronavirus in 2019 and the gradual displacement of other respiratory viruses from circulation.

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About the authors

Vera F. Sukhovetskaya

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: verafedotovna@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1566-7137
SPIN-code: 3633-2952

MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Professor M.G. Danilevich Department of Infectious Diseases in Children

Russian Federation, 2 Litovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 194100

Vladimir N. Timchenko

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: timchenko220853@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-4068-1731
SPIN-code: 8594-0751

MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Professor, Head, Professor M.G. Danilevich Department of Infectious Diseases in Children

Russian Federation, 2 Litovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 194100

Tatyana A. Kaplina

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: k.kta@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1659-2058
SPIN-code: 1381-9580

MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor M.G. Danilevich Department of Infectious Diseases in Children

Russian Federation, 2 Litovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 194100

Elena B. Pavlova

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: infarm@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-7596-1004
SPIN-code: 8900-3143

MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Department of Pharmacology with a course of clinical pharmacology and pharmacoeconomics

Russian Federation, 2 Litovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 194100

Tatyana M. Chernova

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: t-chernova@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4845-3757
SPIN-code: 3146-3629

MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor M.G. Danilevich Department of Infectious Diseases in Children

Russian Federation, 2 Litovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 194100

Svetlana L. Bannova

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: deva0509@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1351-1910
SPIN-code: 9654-9386

MD, PhD, Associate Professor, Professor M.G. Danilevich Department of Infectious Diseases in Children

Russian Federation, 2 Litovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 194100

Maria D. Subbotina

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: m.03@bk.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8748-7146
SPIN-code: 1458-6062

MD, PhD, Cand. Sci. (Medicine), Associate Professor, Professor M.G. Danilevich Department of Infectious Diseases in Children

Russian Federation, 2 Litovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 194100

Oksana V. Bulina

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Email: oksanabulina@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-2997-7777
SPIN-code: 7960-2040

Associate Professor, Department of Rehabilitology Faculty of Retraining and Additional Professional Education

Russian Federation, 2 Litovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 194100

Olga I. Afanasieva

Smorodintsev Research Institute of Influenza

Email: olga-afanaseva57@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1229-171X
SPIN-code: 5120-6649

MD, PhD, Dr. Sci. (Medicine), Head of the Department of Respiratory Viral Infections in Children

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Olga A. Leonicheva

Saint Petersburg State Pediatric Medical University

Author for correspondence.
Email: recka2007@rambler.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-7458-0466
SPIN-code: 7767-6480

Assistant Professor, Professor M.G. Danilevich Department of Infectious Diseases in Children

Russian Federation, 2 Litovskaya st., Saint Petersburg, 194100

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. The structure of the viral landscape of nasopharyngeal secretions of children hospitalized in infectious diseases hospitals in Saint Petersburg in 2017–2022 (n = 1561)

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3. Fig. 2. The frequency of mono- and mixed infections of viral etiology in children hospitalized in infectious diseases hospitals in Saint Petersburg in 2017–2022 (n = 1561)

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4. Fig. 3. The structure of viral mixed infections in the examined children in 2017–2022 (n = 183)

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5. Fig. 4. The proportion of cases of coronavirus infection in children of various ages hospitalized in infectious diseases hospitals in 2017–2022 (n = 689)

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