Vol 5, No 4 (2019)
Review
Monitoring оf Changes in the Condition and Tendencies of Development of Maglev Transportation Systems
Abstract
The results of monitoring of changes in development trends of maglev transportation systems are presented. The study was conducted on the basis of contextual search for relevant documents in open global abstract and citation databases of scientific publications (Scopus, Web of Science), international patent databases (Google Patent, WIPO).
Statistical estimates of the rate and intensity of generating new technical and technological solutions were obtained. These estimates are proposed to be used as a tool for forecasting promising areas of research and development of new types of transport systems.
5-15
Perspective of Development of Multimodal Transport in Long-Distance Passenger Traffic
Abstract
Multimodal transportation will not only increase the intensity of use of vehicles, but also reduce the passenger's travel time. The main task of organizing multimodal transportation is to maximally satisfy the demand of the population for transport services with the most efficient use of rolling stock. The problem of reducing the number of direct routes can b solved either by developing direct connections, or by switching to multimodal transportation with the condition of coordinating the time of transfer. The paper describes in detail the development of multimodal passengers’ transportation organization.
16-24
Current Status and Prospects for the Development of the Integrated Transit Transport System (ITTS) of Russia on the Basis of Vacuum Magnetic Levitation Transport (VMLT)
Abstract
New economy - an innovative economy - forms new challenges and new solutions in all spheres of human activity. A key feature of the new economic ties is their global nature.
Transport systems based on existing technologies cannot provide the necessary growth of new economic ties and the effective provision of the existing business. New transport systems based on new technologies for transporting goods and passengers in compliance with the principles of energy and financial efficiency, as well as environmental safety, create the foundation for sustainable development of countries and regions, including improving the quality of life of the population and human potential.
The rapid speed economic is been formed for nowadays commercial transportation communication. And a realization of any transport project has always tight connection and mutually conditioned with another project type – energetics. So, the problem of energy efficiency and energy supply becomes a key factor of a choice of the most energy efficiency of a base system in any transport complex!
Aim: The purpose of this article is to provide an alternative solution - the Integrated transit transport system (ITTS) of the Russian Federation based on the energy save technologies of Vacuum magnetic levitation transport (VMLT).
Methods: The article discusses organizational, technical, energy efficient, logistic and economic solutions in the field of high-speed land corridors and "energy pipelines" projects, created on the basis of the latest vacuum magnetic levitation transport (VMLT) technologies.
Experimental stands used are described, an overview of practical results obtained in laboratory and production equipment, and preliminary results of VMLT prototypings based on a miniature route of rare-earth magnets and “leviters” based on ceramics from a high-temperature superconductor, possibilities, prospects and the first experimental results of development are presented. of the main critical elements of the WMLT technology.
The paper describes the results of using modern additive manufacturing technologies (3d printing) to create a system model, microcryogenic systems, HTSC and REM "nitrogen" temperature levels to create trace elements and system models, with the ability to scale to the current full-size model of the next generation.
Results: The presented calculations show the practical possibility of further development and implementation of this project, as well as its very high effectiveness compared to existing systems in terms of practical application, economic, manufacturing, energy efficiency and environmental safety.
25-62
Modern systematization and classification of dispatch adjustment techiques
Abstract
Тhe article presents the results of research, review and analysis of long-term practice of dispatching control and modernization of classification of dispatching control techniques used in sites, marshalling yards and nodes.
Aim: to expand and upgrade the classifier dispatching the adjusting techniques used at stations, marshalling yards and at the nodes.
Method: analysis of regulatory techniques carried out by train precinct and hub dispatchers since the beginning of the XX century.
Results: the implemented researches of dispatching regulation allowed to expand and modernize the classifier of dispatching regulating methods, taking into account two features of their Association into groups: the principle of the nearest goal and the level of infrastructure development.
Practical significance: the results of the research contribute to improving the efficiency of dispatching regulation of the operation of Railways.
63-72
Original papers
On the Creation of a High-Speed Transport Highway in St. Petersburg
Abstract
As part of student research at the St. Petersburg University of architecture and construction, alternative proposals are being developed for the creation of a circumferential high-speed highway with a total length of 147.2 km. Тhe scheme is proposed in the form of a polygon with HUB in the nodes and consists of three main parts: 1 – above-ground (62.6 km), 2 – above-water (29.6 km) and 3 – surface-underground (55.0 km). The main tracks are located in a four-tube steel beam, each tube of which is organized by the technology of vacuum tube transport with a pressure of 10 % of the normal for high-speed passenger trains on a magnetic levitation cushion using a linear traction motor (Maglev system). The rail base of the 1520 mm gauge is located along the entire length of the track, both in parking lots, acceleration and braking zones, and on the main high-speed sections for movement with a maximum speed of 500 km per hour.
The main direction of research was the development of load-bearing structures that provide the necessary functionality, reliability and safety of structures. In order to reduce the noise impact on the metropolis, overcome numerous artificial and natural obstacles, improve anti-terrorist protection, the main level of the rail track for the above-ground and above-water structures was adopted at +88.00 in the Baltic elevation system. Calculations of variants with determination of internal forces in elements and movements of nodes with use of the program complex “SCAD Office 21.1”are executed, when accounting for the full range of loads taking into account dynamic effects and non-linearity. The selection of cross-sections of elements according to the method of limit states according to the current norms is carried out. The advantage of the arch-cable-stayed variant with a span of 360 m in strength, stability, stiffness and vertical size (height of supports) is shown.
The continuation of research and design work on this topic should lead to the emergence of a district high-speed transport system at the borders of communication between St. Petersburg and the Leningrad region with passenger traffic, quite comparable to the metro line.
Aim: To develop a district high-speed transport system at the borders of St. Petersburg and Leningrad region with passenger traffic comparable to the metro line.
Materials and Methods: Using the software package "SCAD Office 21.1", the trestle structures are calculated for the combination of operating loads, forces and influences, including the consideration of dynamic aspects and nonlinearity, as well as the selection of cross-sections of elements by the method of limit states. To determine the optimal trestle structures of high-speed highways, namely high-rise and long-length metal structures supporting the overpass beam, calculations with the selection of cross sections of four variants of cable-stayed systems (arch-cable-stayed; cable-stayed rod with inclined cables and steel lattice pylons; the same, steel pipe-concrete pylons; cable-stayed rod system with suspensions according to the patent US5950543 (A).
Results: the results of the trial design adopted arch-cable option with a span of 360 m according to the criterion of metal consumption, the consumption of steel amounted to 20.9 tons per 1 m length of highway.
Conclusion: the estimated volume of passenger traffic per day for the four-track high-speed line will be 280 thousand passengers, and 102 million passengers per year, which is quite comparable to this figure for the metro line.
73-95
The broadband seismic equipment application in problems of roadbed railway smart monitoring
Abstract
We present our experience of broadband seismic equipment application to detect changes of roadbed railway state in operation.
Aim: to obtain experimental validation to expand the scientific basis of geophysical surveys in roadbed railway state monitoring and identifying hazardous processes at an early stage.
Methods: seismic records were obtained by the authors on the Northern railway section. Seismic data were processed using a low-frequency filter of 0.5 Hz and analysis of points movement trajectories of the roadbed railway, we performed numerical modelling of the stress-strain state of the soil when specifying various physical parameters, the results were compared with the experiment.
Results: We have shown experimentally and by numerical simulation that by conducting near the railway track vibrations registration formed by passing trains and analyzing the amplitudes change of these vibrations in the low-frequency band (periods of about 100 seconds), it is possible to identify potentially dangerous phenomena in the roadbed. Field observations showed changes in amplitude of oscillations during seasonal flooding; the results are consistent with modeling. The possibility of identifying the stages of freezing-thawing of the soil and associated negative processes is considered. By discussing the parameters of modern seismic equipment, the possibilities and applicability of different types of seismic sensors for roadbed railway monitoring as well as the organization of a smart monitoring system are shown.
Conclusion: The possibility of using passing trains vibrations to detect changes of the roadbed railway state by analyzing the amplitudes of these vibrations is proved. Recommendations for seismic sensors choice and organization of smart roadbed state monitoring system are presented.
96-114
Levitation and Lateral Stabilization Device Based on a Second-Generation High-Temperature Superconductor
Abstract
The superconducting levitation device comprises a stationary magnetic rail of permanent magnets and a cryostat on a vehicle with a second-generation high-temperature tape superconductor placed in the cryostat, folded in a stack or wound by a coil on a non-magnetic frame without electrical connection of the ends and the transport current. Cool tape high-temperature superconductor of the second generation, folded in a stack or wound on a non magnetic frame in the form of axisymmetric or track coil, without electric connections of the ends and a transport current, behaves as a massive sample of a superconductor and the Meissner – Oxenfeld effect, the magnetic field created by the magnetic rail is displaced from the volume of the superconductor, causing the power of levitation and the vehicle hangs over the track structure.
The high critical parameters of the second-generation high-temperature superconductor belt ensure efficient operation of the superconducting levitation device.
Aim: To demonstration the technical feasibility and efficiency of creating a levitation unit based on the use of a second-generation high-temperature superconductor and permanent magnets made of rare earth metals.
Methods: Calculations of the magnetic field distribution in the combination of a magnetic rail and a massive superconductor, preliminary design of the levitation unit and experimental studies on the model.
Results: Experiments on a model of a superconducting levitation device confirmed the efficiency of this technical solution and its effectiveness.
Conclusion: an original technical solution is proposed that allows to significantly improve the energy characteristics of the levitation node by using a second-generation high-temperature superconductor operating in a passive mode without a transport current, using the partial Meissner-Oxenfeld effect and the engagement of quantized magnetic flux strands at the pinning centers.
115-123
Methodology for assessing the economic effects of investing in digital technologies in transportation
Abstract
Aim: to substantiate the approach and describe the methodology for assessing the economic effects of investing in digital technologies; on the example of the transport complex and railway transport organizations to reveal the algorithm for assessing the effects of digital investments on the dynamics of costs and financial results.
Methods: the article uses the method of retrospective analysis of the relationship of investment growth in digital technologies with the dynamics of indicators of operating performance of individual transport organizations and the transport complex as a whole.
Results: it is proved that with proper investment in digital technologies, the main elements of operating costs of transport organizations are saved: labor costs, materials costs, fuel and energy. The proposed approach is of practical importance in the process of preparing the economic justification of the provisions of programs and projects for the introduction of digital technologies.
Conclusion: The expected effect of further growth of investments in digital technologies for transport as the most important infrastructure sector of the economy is estimated: the expected values of annual savings in labor costs, material resources costs, commercial and management costs.
124-133
Justification Of the need for the Construction оf the Maglev Route St. Petersburg – Sertolovo.
Abstract
Background: According to experts, the most popular form of urban public transport for urban agglomerations is radio-magnetic transport. The scientific literature notes that the development of magnetic transport can be a real answer to the growing demands of society on the quality and speed of movement of passengers in the era of digitalization of the economy [1]. In connection with new trends in the evolution of transport systems, the literature substantiates the need to use fundamentally new modes of transport, and also identifies the restrictions imposed on further improvement of the wheel-rail technology.
Aim: Putting into operation lines of magneto-transport vehicles in places of concentration of growing passenger flows, which will help to reduce travel time, meet freight requirements, improve the quality and increase travel safety when driving along dedicated lanes.
Method: The article identifies the factors that determine the demand for the use of magnetolithic transport. Demand for population movement has been predicted using the example of the St. Petersburg - Sertolovo magnetic transport line for the long term until 2030, taking into account plans for the socio-economic and urban development of the gravity zone. The article predicts the population of the gravity zone of the projected line of magneto-gravitational transport until 2030.
Results: As the basis for the development of the transport system of urban agglomerations, it is proposed to use magnetolithic transport. For its operation, a special high-speed infrastructure and a new rolling stock are needed. The projects for the construction and operation of MLT lines are extremely long-term in nature, significantly affect the development of urban transport, and therefore their implementation is possible only within the framework of strategic management of the development of urban transport systems.In other words, there is a need for the development and economic evaluation of projects for the construction and operation of magnetolithic transport lines in the formation and implementation of transport strategies of modern urban agglomerations.
134-146