Vol 25, No 4 (2023)

The review of the information about etiology, pathogenesis, modern diagnostic criteria and management tactics of patients with chronic pancreatitis is carried out. Research data concerning the criterion validity of the diagnosis and modern standards of complex treatment are presented.

Oncological diseases of the digestive system cause significant damage to health care and the economy in all countries. Malignant neoplasms of the gastrointestinal tract (gastrointestinal tract) have an extremely high prevalence and are one of the main causes of mortality worldwide. Gastrointestinal cancer is one of the five most commonly diagnosed oncological diseases in both men and women. To date, a number of effective strategies and techniques have been developed aimed at preventing and eliminating the oncological process, and patients with early-stage gastrointestinal cancer, when receiving adequate treatment, reach 90% of five-year survival. However, even today, early diagnosis remains low, modern preventive and screening methods of early diagnosis are not fully used. Universal coverage of the population in the framework of cancer screening is of great socio-economic importance.

Relevance: due to the widespread prevalence of obesity, metabolic syndrome and associated fatty liver disease, as well as due to the lack of an integrated approach to diagnosing the components of metabolically associated fatty liver disease, it is necessary to search for the possibility of early diagnosis already at the level of the admission department of a multidisciplinary hospital.

Objective: to evaluate the effectiveness of the checklist used in the distribution of patients into risk groups for metabolically associated fatty liver disease in tne hospital admissions department.

Materials and methods: in 2019 - 2022 the study was conducted of patients with overweight or obesity (n=74) according to anthropometric data, admitted for treatment to a multidisciplinary hospital in the following profiles: gastroenterology, cardiology, surgery, pulmonology, of which 41 women (55.4%), 33 men (44.6%), mean age 42±4.2 years. For the distribution of patients into groups, taking into account the risk factor for the occurrence of metabolically associated fatty liver disease, a checklist developed for this study with a score and quantitative ultrasound steatometry of the liver was used.

Results and Discussion: correlation of quantitative ultrasound steatometry data with a comprehensive assessment of the presence of metabolic syndrome according to the checklist corresponds to r=0.85 (in the 1st group of patients); r=0.76 (in the 2nd group of patients); r=0.89 (in the 3rd group patients). In the control group 1, patients of the admission department with normal body weight (number of points according to the checklist no more than 2) were examined - liver steatosis without signs of inflammatory activity and liver fibrosis was detected in 7 patients (15.9%).

Conclusions: the use of a checklist by paramedical staff for assigning patients to risk groups for metabolically associated fatty liver disease can reduce the time to detect the disease at an early stage, as well as reduce the time to detect the disease at an early stage, as well as reduce excessive unreasonable workload on ultrasound and radiation diagnostics units.

Analysis and generalization of data available in the literature on the actual nutrition of schoolchildren. The article outlines the problems of nutrition of children.Nutrition is one of the most important factors determining the health of the child population.Nutrients almost completely determine the physical and mental performance, contribute to the harmonious development of the child’s body. The start of school is a critical period for a child.Nutrition should cover not only the costs that occur in the process of life, but also ensure the proper growth and development of the child. Improving the organization of nutrition in organized children’s groups is singled out as one of the priority tasks of the state policy of the Russian Federation in the field of healthy nutrition of the population. A necessary condition for maintaining and strengthening the health of the children’s population of the Rossoshsky District is favorable conditions for education and training in children’s institutions, where children spend a significant part of their lives.Proper nutrition plays an important role during intense mental stress.As a result of ongoing activities aimed at organizing a full-fledged, safe nutrition, at increasing the coverage of hot meals for schoolchildren, there has been a decrease in the incidence of the digestive system in children under 14 years of age, which is confirmed by socio-hygienic monitoring data. Nutrition of the child in an educational institution and in the family should be combined.

This article presents information about traditional and proprietary fibrosis and steatosis scales in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD): NAFLD fibrosis score, BARD, FIB-4, APRIL, FLI, HSI, LAP, and others. Noninvasive methods of NAFLD recognition have a number of advantages over histological examination of liver biopsy specimens and instrumental methods – ultrasound and magnetic resonance elastography. They contain simple, accessible and inexpensive clinical and laboratory parameters that allow estimating the severity of NAFLD and predictors of its unfavorable course. Domestic and foreign authors proved a close association of these scales with morphological and sonographic signs of NAFLD. These fibrosis and steatosis scales are recommended for use as first-line diagnosis in primary care settings for population-based studies.

In recent decades, a significant number of scientific papers have been published devoted to the study of the specific physical and chemical properties of a special sugar – trehalose and its role in living systems. Trehalose is widespread in nature. This unique disaccharide protects proteins and cell membranes from inactivation or denaturation caused by various stress conditions, including desiccation, dehydration, heat, cold, oxidation, heat shock, hypoxia, prolonged absence of oxygen. Trehalose enhances autophagy, protecting cells of organisms from various stress influences; is a powerful modifier of abnormal protein accumulation in human neurodegenerative diseases; has a favorable effect on vascular endothelium; positively affects metabolic processes in the human body, including type 2 diabetes - and this is only a small part of the positive effects that trehalose has on the body.

It is well known that anti-aging medicine is aimed at slowing down aging processes and postponing the manifestation of age-dependent diseases, but so far there are no drugs that can reliably slow down the aging process in humans. Nature has created the molecule trehalose as a unique molecular structure that supports life on our planet and may have given mankind a chance to live longer.

This article highlights the modern aspects of the clinic, diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal bleeding (GCC) from the upper and lower gastrointestinal tract. The main criteria for the diagnosis of GCC and signs allowing determining the degree of blood loss, which is crucial for the choice of further treatment tactics, are considered.

Dentistry and gastroenterology are two medical specialties that are directly related to each other. They are concerned with the treatment and prevention of oral and gastrointestinal diseases, respectively. Although they deal with different parts of the body, there are many connections and interactions between them.

Some oral diseases can be linked to GI diseases. For example, diseases of the stomach and intestines can cause tooth enamel erosion and gum deterioration. Therefore, when patients are evaluated by dentists, it is necessary to pay attention to possible signs of GI disease and refer the patient for a consultation to a gastroenterologist if necessary.

Proper oral hygiene and timely treatment of oral diseases can help prevent many gastrointestinal health problems. In turn, treating GI disease can help improve oral health and prevent certain dental and gum problems.