Vol 25, No 5 (2023)

Most women are motivated to breastfeed, many for more than 1 year, while not all women received information about breastfeeding techniques, possible difficulties and methods of overcoming them from health workers. The vast majority of lactating women face difficulties in breastfeeding (difficulties in the technique of attachment to the breast, cracks, lactostasis, mastitis). The most vulnerable group of children in terms of maintaining breastfeeding is premature babies, for whom the issues of maintaining breastfeeding are especially acute.

Conclusion-suggestion: it is necessary to train the staff of medical organizations on practical issues of breastfeeding support in order to overcome difficulties for nursing mothers and maintain long-term breastfeeding as a guarantee of the health of the younger generation.

Natural feeding has significant advantages over artificial. It is not for nothing that breast milk is called “living tissue / matter”, as it is able to change the composition and adapt to the current needs of the child, depending on the time of day, lactation period and even the sex of the baby. With major changes in infant formula ranges, the withdrawal of a number of leading baby food concerns due to sanctions, and promising attempts at import substitution, healthcare professionals need sources of up-to-date information.

At present the epidemiological situation with tuberculosis is improving and the incidence of tuberculosis in children is decreasing. Nurses are actively involved in all activities of prevention and medical care for tuberculosis in pediatric practice. Highly organized TB interventions are largely associated with the work of a nurse from birth until the age of 18, accompanying the child from the maternity home until the adolescent enters the general health care system. The organization of tuberculosis interventions differs by age periods. The article presents anti-tuberculosis measures with the accent on the work of a nurse, as a physician assistant, both in prevention and early detection of tuberculosis.

Blood-sucking insects are not only carriers of diseases, but can often increase the severity of the disease. Approximately 700,000 people die every year from complications associated with etiological pathogens carried by blood-sucking insects. In addition to the epidemiological danger, mosquitoes create discomfort and can disrupt human activities outdoors and indoors. Personal protective measures consist of using an integrated approach that includes physical and chemical barriers. There are not so many cardinal differences in the methods and means of controlling mosquitoes in adult and children›s preparations. But a number of nuances must be taken into account when choosing them. The safety factor is fundamental. The active ingredients DEET and IR3535 are most commonly used in repellent formulations for children. In addition, to protect babies from mosquitoes, products based on essential oils of plants are used. Repellents are available separately for children and adults. Products for children have a more natural composition and contain a lower concentration of active ingredients than repellents for adults. To protect children, it is preferable to use products with IR3535.

The article describes the results of a study of the prevalence of various negative effects of pregnancy and childbirth among women of different ages, conducted on the basis of thematic groups on the Internet. A questionnaire survey was used as a research method. Respondents answered questions about their body weight before pregnancy and after delivery, the body weight they gained during pregnancy, the presence of diseases that appeared during pregnancy and persisted after it. The results of the study showed that the negative effects of pregnancy and childbirth are quite common among women of different age groups. According to the respondents, pregnancy had mainly negative effects on their health. The most common negative consequences of pregnancy and childbirth among the respondents were: deterioration/ loss of hair, hemorrhoids, memory impairment, and weight gain.

In women up to 37 weeks of gestation, premature rupture of the membranes (PROM) complicates up to 3% of pregnancies, causing every second case of early termination of pregnancy. In 48% of cases, PROM in the early stages is associated with an infectious factor and congenital pathology. The present study analyzed the occurrence of PROM depending on the gestational age, as well as comparing cases of prolonged and preterm pregnancy with premature rupture of amniotic fluid, as well as intrauterine pneumonia and sepsis in preterm infants. newborns from mothers with prolongation of pregnancy and without it. Most often, for the prevention of purulent-septic complications, women with PROM give birth within the next 6–12 hours after the outflow of water, but this decision is not always correct, because the outcome of PROM depends on many factors, and the birth of a fetus in the early stages often leads to pathological consequences, the development of respiratory failure (syndrome of respiratory disorders, pneumonia), neurological symptoms (intraventricular hemorrhage, cerebral ischemia), as well as hemodynamic disorders (hypotension, rhythm and conduction disorders).

The aim of the work was a comparative assessment of the condition of newborns from mothers with preeclampsia, as well as the identification of risk factors, the determination of adaptive capabilities and the effectiveness of therapeutic measures. The history of the development of newborns from mothers with preeclampsia and eclampsia is analyzed. All children have been treated at the Clinical Perinatal Center of the Saratov Region for the past two years. The presented data indicate a significant increase in the number of preeclampsia in pregnant women and their negative impact on the normal psychophysical development and adaptive capabilities of newborns. The frequency of diagnosis of respiratory disorders, neurological disorders, developmental abnormalities in newborns in the aggregate indicates the need for a detailed approach to the study of the effect of preeclampsia in a mother on the health of her child. The main attention should be paid to preventive measures for the development of preeclampsia in pregnant women, diagnosis and treatment significantly reduce the incidence of newborns and increase their adaptive capabilities.

The article shows the main types and causes of one of the most common diseases of the digestive organs, which accounts for up to 80% of stomach diseases — gastritis. In recent years, cases of diagnosis of gastritis in children have become more frequent, the role of the bacterial factor in the development of inflammation has increased — up to 90% of cases are associated with helicobacter infection. There is a tendency to a predominantly chronic course of the process, the prevalence of acute variants of the disease does not exceed 20%. The main symptoms of gastritis are indicated, showing that there are no specific symptoms for this disease. The methods of treatment of gastritis are considered and recommendations for its prevention of the disease are given.

Digital pediatrics is an innovative field in medicine that actively uses digital technologies for the diagnosis, treatment, and monitoring of diseases in children. This approach promises to significantly improve the quality and accessibility of pediatric care, allowing healthcare professionals to respond more accurately and efficiently to children’s health. In Russia, this direction is still in its early stages of development, however, there are already individual projects and research that demonstrate its potential. Despite obstacles such as technical limitations and privacy concerns, digital pediatrics represents an important direction for the future of healthcare, and active efforts are being made to realize its capabilities and overcome obstacles.