Meditsinskaya sestra

Bronchial asthma is a common disease of an allergic nature, often occurring in a mild form. In real clinical practice, patients, due to limited knowledge, do not always provide self-control over the symptoms of the disease. The nurse›s task is to teach the patient basic self-control skills. This is largely facilitated by the participation of medical workers in the asthma school. In most cases, improper use of inhalers and discontinuation of basic therapy with inhaled glucocorticosteroids leads to deterioration of control, despite the satisfactory general condition of the patients. As a result of inadequate control, patients lead a more passive lifestyle, reduce daily physical activity, and gradually reduce or abandon sports and other active activities. The article clearly demonstrates the importance of asthma school in ensuring a high level of control over asthma, in real clinical practice, the formation of effective tactics and strategies for asthma treatment thanks to the personal participation of the patient.

The article deals with the problem of increasing cases of dementia on a global scale. The latest statistical data and forecasts on the spread of the disease are given. The main reasons for the emergence and progression of pathology are highlighted. Modern means of its prevention and treatment are characterized. The composition of the nootropic drug of natural origin “Memo-Vit” is analyzed, the prospects of using this drug in the prevention and complex therapy of dementia are evaluated.

Theoretical analysis of scientific research in nursing carried out by nursing staff and doctors showed that research was mainly carried out within the framework of the scientific specialty “Public health and healthcare organization, sociology and history of medicine.” Priority direction of research at the end of the 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century. – improvement of nursing activities. This coincided with the opinion of survey participants (n=530), who identified this area as one of the most promising today. To develop clinical nursing research, it is necessary to open a new scientific specialty specifically in nursing.

Cell therapy is one of the promising areas of modern medicine. This field has become widespread in many medical specialties, but over the past few years, cell therapy has been attracting more and more attention from specialists in the surgical field. Special attention is paid to therapy based on the use of stem cells, which is explained by their ability to self-renew and differentiate. Due to their properties, stem cells directly act in the wound site, triggering tissue regeneration mechanisms, and some types of stem cells suppress inflammation processes. In surgical practice, the following stem cells are used to correct skin defects and treat wounds: mesenchymal stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells and embryonic stem cells, keratinocytes and fibroblasts. Each type of cell has its own advantages and is used in different directions. Many studies indicate the prospects of using cellular technologies in the treatment of diseases and wounds of various etiologies.

Due to the changes in postgraduate education of medical professionals, distance learning is of great importance, which has recently become popular and significant. The aim of the study is to increase the effectiveness of postgraduate education through the widespread introduction of distance learning as an important stage of continuing medical education (CME).

The incidence of early anemia, NEC (necrotizing enterocolitis), retinopathy increases in children born at gestational age 31.6 weeks with ENMT (extremely low birth weight) and small size by gestational age. These diseases against the background of ENMT are severe and often lead to an unfavorable outcome.

The incidence of early anemia of prematurity ranges from 16.5 to 91.3% and has an inverse correlation with gestational age and birth weight. Early anemia of prematurity is a hematologic syndrome characterized by a decrease in hemoglobin and/or hematocrit by more than 2 standard deviations from the mean values of hemoglobin and/or hematocrit for a given postnatal age in premature infants, developing in the 3rd to 10th week of life.

The average incidence of necrotizing enterocolitis is 2.4:1000 newborns (1 to 10:1000), or about 2.1% (1 to 7%) of all infants admitted to neonatal intensive care units. The incidence of the disease increases with decreasing gestational age of the child at birth. Gradual increase of parenteral nutrition reduces the risk of NEC or death in preterm neonates with ENMT (extremely low birth weight), as well as neonates with antenatal NMT (low birth weight).

Introduction. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, average medical workers turned out to be the most vulnerable category among medical workers in terms of professional stress, professional burnout, and a decrease in quality of life.

Goal. To establish the features of professional burnout and the quality of life of MS in specialized COVID hospitals, multidisciplinary hospitals (MP hospitals), as well as polyclinics (PCs) during the pandemic of the new coronavirus infection COVID-19.

Material and methods. The study was performed at the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after the Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation, Professor V.V. Kosarev of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation and the Regional Center of Occupational Pathology of the Samara City Hospital No. 5. The following MS groups were examined: the first group consisted of nurses working in a COVID hospital (n=29); the second group consisted of nurses working in a multidisciplinary hospital (n=31); the third group consisted of nurses working in polyclinics (n=29); The fourth, control group (GC), included employees of engineering, technical and economic specialties that are not related in their field of activity to work in medical organizations (n=190). The assessment of professional burnout syndrome was carried out using the Maslach Burnout professional burnout assessment questionnaire, the V.V. Boyko questionnaire, the quality of life was determined using the SF-36 questionnaire.

Results. It has been established that the work of MS during the COVID-19 pandemic is associated with the impact on medical workers of a number of specific risk factors related to the provision of medical care to infected patients, as well as with significant changes in work regarding aspects related to organization, safety, which contribute to an increase in the level of occupational stress, professional burnout, and a decrease in the quality of life.

Conclusion. The work of MS in a COVID hospital, when compared with MS in hospitals, nurses working in polyclinics, is associated with an increase in the level of professional stress, the level of professional burnout. It is necessary to continue research on the emotional state of MS in order to timely carry out preventive treatment to preserve the health of this category of medical workers.

Limitations of the study. The study has regional (Samara region) and professional (in terms of detailing the working conditions in the studied comparison groups) limitations.

Compliance with ethical standards. The study was carried out within the framework of the complex topic of the Department of Occupational Diseases and Clinical Pharmacology named after Honored Scientist of the Russian Federation Professor V.V. Kosarev of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation «A systematic approach to early diagnosis, prevention and prediction of the impact of low-intensity industrial factors on the health of workers» (state registration number AAAA18-118122190069-6, date registration on December 21, 2018). The study was approved by the local Ethics Committee of the Federal State Budgetary Educational Institution of the Russian Ministry of Health on 11/23/2021.

Patient consent. Each participant of the study gave informed voluntary written consent to participate in the study and publish personal medical information in an impersonal form in the journal «Meditsinskaya sestra (The Nurse)».

Rheumatoid pathology of the articular apparatus is a significant social problem due to the high incidence of disability. Cases of the development of arthropathy after SARS-CoV-2 infection have been described. The basis of the pathogenesis of this condition may be the excessive synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines (cytokine storm), which is characteristic of the acute course of COVID-19. In patients with a severe form of coronavirus infection, a high concentration of a number of cytokines was observed: IFN-γ, IL-1, IL-6, IL-12, TGFβ. Due to the activation of osteoclasts, resorptive processes in bone tissue were significantly enhanced. Autoimmunization due to cross-reactivity of the virus can also lead to joint damage. Reactive arthritis tends to be acute, occurs in the form of monoarthritis or oligoarthritis. The pathological process develops mainly in the joints of the wrist, ankles and small joints of the distal parts of the arms and legs.