Vol 342, No 12 (2021)

The article presents the dynamics of morbidity and mortality of military personnel of the Armed Forces from malignant neoplasms in 2014–2018. The effectiveness of measures aimed at preventing of malignant neoplasms, their early detection, ensuring the availability of medical care, and reducing the rate of dismissal and mortality of military personnel from oncological diseases has been analyzed. The main directions of further improvement of the oncological service of the Armed Forces have been determined. The ultimate goals are a gradual decrease in the one-year mortality rate of servicemen from malignant neoplasms from 16.2% in 2017 to 12.3% by 2025, an increase in the role of servicemen who have been registered for 5 years or more for malignant neoplasms, from 53% in 2017 to 60% by 2025 and, as a result, a decrease in mortality by 2025 to 6.0 per 100 thousand military contingents.

The main document governing the organization of medical and psychological rehabilitation of servicemen is the order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 60 dated January 27, 2017, which is not static. The changes introduced by theOrder of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 557 of 09.10.2018 specified the list of categories of servicemen subject to medical and psychological rehabilitation, simplified the procedure for medical selection. The most important change introduced by order of the Minister of Defense of the Russian Federation No. 643 dated November 30, 2020, was the possibility of conducting medical and psychological rehabilitation of military personnel involved in the fight against COVID-19. The timely introduction of amendments to departmental legal acts, addition, and specification of their provisions in separate methodological documents make it possible to adapt the organization of the rehabilitation process to the actual needs of troops (forces).

Severe metabolic disorders caused by COVID-19 require adequate nutritional support. The article discusses the effectiveness of the use of a specialized enteral nutrition mixture in patients with viral pneumonia and acute respiratory distress syndrome caused by COVID-19. 67 patients have been divided into 2 groups according to the nature of enteral nutritional support: a specialized mixture and a standard one. The effectiveness of the mixtures used was evaluated taking into account changes in the level of enzymes, hormonal status, and the functional state of the gastrointestinal tract. Diagnosis of lung pathology was carried out on the basis of computed tomography data and criteria for acute pulmonary injury syndrome. It was found that the inclusion of a specialized mixture, adapted to the pathology of the lungs, into the complex therapy, corrects the violation of homeostasis, helps to reduce the time for resolution of the syndrome of acute pulmonary injury / acute respiratory distress syndrome, artificial ventilation of the lungs and the duration of treatment in the intensive care unit.

An assessment of the osteopathic status of servicemen with functional disorders and formalized types of pathology before and after standard and osteopathic treatment was carried out. During the treatment of patients, the indicators of the quality of life were studied according to the SF-36 questionnaire, and the interdependence between the indicators of osteopathic status and the quality of life of servicemen was analyzed using the methods of multivariate statistics. In patients treated with standard and osteopathic treatment, a significant increase in quality of life indicators was established on all scales, in patients with standard medical procedures – only on the scales of «general health, pain» and «mental health». It was concluded that it is advisable to use the SF-36 quality of life questionnaire to assess the effectiveness of osteopathic treatment.

The article presents the results of summarizing the materials of the three-month work of the operational groups of specialists of the radiation, chemical, and biological protection troops of the Armed Forces, who carried out disinfection treatment of objects in the context of the spread of the COVID-19 coronavirus. An analysis of the organization of the activities of specialists of these groups is carried out, an assessment is made of the reliability of technical means used for disinfection of objects, as well as personal protective equipment. It is shown that in order to increase the efficiency of the activities performed by operational groups, it is necessary, on the basis of the experience gained, to develop and test in real conditions an algorithm for disinfecting objects and equipment. Improvement of personal protective equipment and an increase in the quality of disinfecting solutions is required. It is necessary to practice rational planning of specialists’ actions, taking into account the influence of unfavorable factors of the working environment. In order to preserve the health of servicemen, it is necessary to ensure the correct alternation of the performance of service tasks and rest and the conduct of recovery measures.

The results of the content analysis of the possible interaction of the factors of the mountain complex and hyperthermia, the key links in the formation of the syndrome of mutual burdening (comorbidity) when staying in a mountainous desert area are presented. The mutual aggravation of hypoxia and hyperthermia is manifested in a significant decrease in the functional capabilities and regulatory reserves of the soldier’s body, his work, and combat capability. It has been shown that mountain-desert dysadaptation, the synergistic effect of hypoxia and hyperthermia are manifested by disorders of the central nervous and cardiovascular systems, changes in pulmonary ventilation indicators, blood gases, acid-base balance, blood viscosity, and its coagulability, processes of peroxide and free radical oxidation, protein catabolism.

The article is dedicated to the 80th anniversary of the 1602nd Military Clinical Hospital. The history of the hospital is considered, the formation and main periods of development of this large medical and preventive institution of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation are highlighted. The current state and capabilities of the hospital as a medical, preventive, and scientific institution are shown.