Vol 343, No 8 (2022)

The authors devoted the article to the 200th anniversary of the «Military Medical Journal», which will be celebrated in August 2022. The article contains new information about the history of the journal, introduced into scientific circulation for the first time. Topical problems of surgery were occupied throughout the history of the publications, one of the first places in the articles. Thanks to the publications of the journal, domestic medical science has been enriched with evidence-based hygiene recommendations, especially on disease prevention. On the pages of the «Military Medical Journal», the authors planned new ideas in disinfection service for troops. The discussion on the pages of the journal of the organization of medical support for the troops contributed to the formation of the organization and tactics of the medical service. During the Great Patriotic War of 1941–1945 the magazine promptly informed readers about the new tasks of the military sanitary service, suggested ways and means of solving them. In recent years, the topics of publications have been focused on the provision of medical care in local wars, anti-terrorist operations, man-made disasters, and natural disasters. The unparalleled history of the journal allows us to speak of it as a true asset of Russian medicine.

Over two years of experience in the treatment of 467 patients with a new coronavirus infection (COVID-19) was analyzed, in particular, clinical options, indications, content and sequence of antiviral and anti- inflammatory treatment. The indications for the use of antibiotic therapy are substantiated. Proposed own classification approaches to the disease and the formulation of the diagnosis. Treatment outcomes for severe and complicated cases of COVID-19 were additionally studied in 463 patients: a favorable treatment outcome was achieved in 66.7%, which corresponds to the data of leading domestic and foreign medical institutions. Uniform and individualized approaches to the formation of treatment programs for patients with a severe course of the disease are planned.

An analysis of the methods used to treat disseminated gastric cancer in a military hospital is presented. The study included an analysis of 362 medical records of patients with this pathology. The patients were divided into 3 major groups. Group I – the large volume resection cytoreductive surgeries were performed (gastrectomy or distal subtotal resection of the stomach), group II – palliative symptomatic surgeries were performed without removal of the main tumor (applying nutritional stoma and bypass fistulas), group III – only diagnostic interventions were performed as exploratory laparotomy or diagnostic laparoscopy or the operation was not completed. Group I, depending on the volume of surgical intervention, was further divided into 2 subgroups: subgroup I₁ – radical operations were performed; subgroup I₂ – performed palliative resection interventions. The effectiveness of cytoreductive operations with removal of the primary source in patients with advanced gastric cancer was confirmed, which was expressed in an increase in survival rates at various follow-up periods (from 1 to 5 years).

Ensuring the security of military service in the Armed Forces still interests specialists in various fields, and an active search continues for ways to improve it and increase its effectiveness. According to the authors, the solution of this difficult task is associated with the justification of the need to consider the safety of military service in the aspect of hygienic issues and, give a preventive orientation to the organization of work on its implementation in the troops and a significant expansion of relevant sanitary and hygienic measures. Saving the life and health of initially called up healthy servicemen, eliminating unacceptable occupational risks should be the meaning and practical content of military service security measures.

The purpose of the study is to establish the principal causes of accidents at the main stages of flight and the contribution of the human factor to them based on an analysis of the accident rate of high-tech unmanned aerial vehicles. According to archived data, the results of aviation accidents (2001–2021) in 12 countries with unmanned aerial vehicles were analyzed: MQ-1 (96 accidents), MQ-9 Reaper (39) and RQ-4 Global Hawk (12). It has been established that with an increase in the level of automation in the causes of accidents, the proportion of malfunctions of the aircraft, engine, automatic control system, weather decreases, but the frequency of accidents because of errors of pilot-operators and technical personnel increases by 1.9– 2.2 times. The development of approaches to reducing the accident rate of unmanned aerial vehicles should, as an important direction, include the psychophysiological training of pilot-operators and technicians servicing the vehicles, including modeling situations with a combination of several prerequisites for accidents.

For the first time, the history of the Military Medical Journal from the beginning of the 1890s until 1917 is presented. During this period, executive editors A.I.Belyaev (1891–1903), A.S.Tauber (1903–1908) and I.F.Rapchevsky (1908–1917) headed the editorial board, biographical information about which is summarized in the article. The period of the Russo-Japanese War of 1904–1905 is discussed, when the authors focused on the problems of a timely search for and removal of the wounded from the battlefield, the work of advanced and main dressing stations, coordination of the activities of the Russian Red Cross Society institutions and military medical institutions, insufficient rights of military medical institutions and others. With the outbreak of the First World War of 1914–1918, the journal also actively took part in resolving issues of medical support for the warring Russian army. The author analyzed the reasons for stopping the publication of the Military Medical Journal in 1917.

The author considered the evolution of the form of military doctors in the Russian army at the end of the 19th century. He noted that during the uniform reform of the early 1880s, first-rate military medical officers kept the uniforms assigned to them by that time. A uniform for medical, pharmacy, company, squadron, battery and veterinary paramedics was established during the general army reform of uniforms in 1881. The author presented an outline of the organization of the military medical service and the position of military medical officials of the described era.

The authors present a brief report on the working meeting of the heads of medical services of the defense departments of the member states of the Collective Security Treaty Organization held in April 2022 on improving the medical support of the Troops (Collective Forces) of the organization. The participants of the meeting paid special attention to the discussion of the formation of a system of remote telemedicine consultations. It was decided to continue work in the defense departments of the member states of the organization to create a system of remote telemedicine consultations in it to provide advisory (training and methodological) help to medical specialists of military medical organizations.