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编号 9 (2022)
How Many Mineral Deposits Do We Need to Produce One Mobile Phone?
摘要
Have you ever wondered what your phone is made of? How many different chemical elements do you need for this? How many working mineral deposits are needed in order to put everything together and make an efficient device? We try to answer these questions on an example of the popular iPhone 6 mobile phone. We consider the necessary things to produce the phone and ensure its proper operation, and also we try to estimate the number of mineral deposits for these purposes.
Priroda. 2022;(9):3-10
3-10
Amazing Cyclidans — the Witnesses of the Great Extinction: Part I
摘要
Cyclidans are an extinct group of crustaceans whose fossil remains are very rare in the geological record. Cyclidans are full of mysteries: it is still impossible to find their exact place on the taxonomic tree; we still know nothing about their ancestors and why they had disappeared. In total, nowadays only 54 species of these ancient animals are known — a “drop in the ocean” of the species diversity of arthropods. For a long time, cyclidans were of little interest to paleontologists. However, currently there is enough material to summarize all available data, conduct a taxonomic revision, and make cautious assumptions about their origin and evolution.
Priroda. 2022;(9):11-23
11-23
Traces of the “Era of Steamships” on the Lower Don
摘要
From the end of the 19th century and until the middle of the 20th century a lot of steamships powered by coal sailed along the Lower Don. The merchant shipping was of exceptional economic importance, and the largest ports were located in Taganrog, Rostov-on-Don, and Azov. The shipping needs led to significant changes of the natural system of the Don delta: shipping channels were created, the fairway was deepened, and the general direction and flow volumes were changed. Nowadays, a large layer of burnt coal has been found in the sediments of the delta. It consists of the slag thrown overboard and buried in the bottom. Currently, coal slag is an important technogenic indicator of the “era of steamships”. It is studied to assess the nature of sedimentation patterns and changes in the hydrographic system as well as to evaluate the intensity of navigation and the development of new territories in the 19th and 20th centuries.
Priroda. 2022;(9):24-32
24-32
An Unknown Devastating Earthquake. Revelation based on the Armenian national epic “David of Sassoun”
摘要
The journal “Priroda” quite long time ago has provided a new scientific direction in the Russian press: it uncovers earthquakes in the folk epic and thus, significantly replenishes the historical part of seismology, macroseismology. Naturally, we are talking about powerful, destructive earthquakes, since information about them in ancient times was preserved not only in various written sources, but also as oral history. The Armenian national epic “David of Sassoun” tells us about several (at least three) powerful (surface wave magnitude of 8–9) destructive earthquakes that occurred during several days on the vast area of the Sassoun Region of Greater Armenia. Probably, these events happened in the VIII–IX centuries (not later than the XIII century).
Priroda. 2022;(9):33-39
33-39
Born by Volcano: New Mineral Khrenovite
摘要
List of minerals recognized by the International Mineralogical Association contents about 6000 mineral species and each year it is upsized by 50–60 new minerals. Russian scientists are also among the discoverers of these new species. The most perspective for the new mineral discovery on the Russian territory are the Khibiny Mountains and Lovozero Massif of the Kola Peninsula as well as Kamchatka volcanic region. This article reports on recent discovery of khrenovite Na3Fe23+(AsO4)3, a new arsenate member of alluaudite group from fumarole of Tolbachik volcano.
Priroda. 2022;(9):40-41
40-41
Academician A.A.Borissiak: Works and Memory To the 150th Anniversary of the Birth
摘要
July 2022 commemorates the 150th anniversary of the birth of the Academician A.A.Borissiak, a founder of the national scientific school for vertebrate paleontology, an organizer and the first director of the Paleontological Institute, a founder and the first head of the Department of Paleontology in the Moscow University. He was a founding member of the Russian Paleontological Society, Academician Secretary of the Department of Mathematical and Natural Sciences of the Academy of Sciences of the USSR, editor-in-chief of the journals “Priroda” and “Proceedings of the USSR Academy of Sciences”. The article provides a brief overview of the scientific and organizational results of A.A.Borissiak service to paleontology, as well as information about taxa of fossil organisms named after him (two genera, 45 species, and one subspecies).
Priroda. 2022;(9):42-55
42-55
“...Pines here almost converge with tropical vegetation”. From the diary of Th.Dobzhansky, 1935 Mexico: Part 1
摘要
The first part of the diary of Th.Dobzhansky, an outstanding Russian-American geneticist, evolutionist, and entomologist, represents the records made in the summer of 1935, during his trip to Mexico. The trip was aimed on the study genetic variability of the fruit fly Drosophila pseudoobscura in the natural populations and determination of its range. In these records, as well as in the descriptions of his other expeditions, Dobrzhansky appears not only as a naturalist and a traveler, but as a person who is deeply and vividly interested in the lifestyle, customs, and views of the people he met, as well as the cultural, social, and political situation of the places he visited.
Priroda. 2022;(9):56-65
56-65
SCIENCE NEWS
摘要
Hair straighteners may cause uterine cancer (66). Possible reasons for the immortality of jellyfish (67). How to target prey inside chaotic swarms? (68).
Priroda. 2022;(9):66-69
66-69
NEW BOOKS
摘要
Психология. В.С.Мухина. ВОЗРАСТНАЯ ПСИХОЛОГИЯ: ФЕНОМЕНОЛОГИЯ РАЗВИТИЯ И БЫТИЯ ЛИЧНОСТИ. Учебник для студентов ВУЗов: В 2 т. Т.1. 18-е изд., перераб. и доп. М.: Наука, 2022. 671 с. История / География. ИСТОРИЯ КОЛУМБИИ С ДРЕВНЕЙШИХ ВРЕМЕН ДО НАЧАЛА XXI ВЕКА / Отв. ред. А.А.Щелков, З.В.Ивановский. М.: Наука, 2022. 740 с. Орнитология. В.А.Паевский. СЛАВКИ МИРОВОЙ ОРНИТОФАУНЫ. М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2022. 161 с. Зоология. Е.Н.Темерева. РУКОВОДСТВО ДЛЯ БОЛЬШОГО ПРАКТИКУМА ПО ЗООЛОГИИ БЕСПОЗВОНОЧНЫХ: ФОРОНИДЫ И МШАНКИ. Часть 1. М.: Товарищество научных изданий КМК, 2022. 93 с.
Priroda. 2022;(9):70-72
70-72