Vol 30, No 4 (2019)

The paper presents data on the role of the interferon (IFN) system in regulating an immune response, families and types of interferons and the researches of leading Russian scientists in studying the age-specific features of the IFN system. There is evidence for necessity of studying the interferon status in patients with different pathological processes. The paper also considers the features of the preanalytical stage of laboratory diagnosis, the current reference values of interferon system parameters and the results obtained by the leading researchers studying the interferon system in the Russian Federation.

During coronary artery bypass surgery, the great saphenous vein is traditionally harvested via soft tissue dissection along the entire length of the extracted conduit, which is very traumatic and leads to the development of wound complications. The emergence of endoscopic harvesting techniques has substantially could reduce the frequency of the latter. However, the data published and the results of meta-analyses indicate the worst mid-term patency of endoscopically harvested shunts. This is associated with an excessive mechanical impact on the vein wall and with carbon dioxide insufflation. Vein harvesting in the flap with the surrounding tissues, which is called a «notouch» technique, allows virtually eliminating any direct mechanical effect on the venous conduit wall, ensuring the morphofunctional integrity of a future shunt. Due to this, the procedure has the best medium- and long-term results, but it is more traumatic for the lower limb. The technique developed at the Research Institute of Cardiology, Tomsk National Research Medical Center, to endoscopically harvest the great saphenous vein in the flap with the surrounding tissues and that for its traditional open harvesting underwent comprehensive comparative assessment. The study enrolled 315 patients who were prospectively randomized into endoscopic (n = 156) and open (n = 159) vein harvesting groups. Intraoperative data, postoperative clinical course, and features of wound healing were analyzed. Endoscopic harvesting of the greater saphenous vein was shown to reduce the total duration of interventions and the number of wound complications. Thus, the developed endoscopic harvesting technique not only allows one to adhere to the «no-touch» technique, but is also less traumatic for the lower extremities.

Bellataminal® is a complex drug that contains phenobarbital, belladonna alkaloids, and ergotamine. The total effect of 3 active ingredients contributes to sedation of the central nervous system and the parasympathetic and sympathetic divisions of the autonomic nervous system. This allows the use of Bellatamininal® to correct emotional and autonomic impairments in neurosis-like impairments, somatic diseases, premenstrual and menopausal syndromes. The drug is also used for migraine and a number of other diseases. Most clinical trials have confirmed the efficacy and safety of Bellataminal®.

The paper is devoted to fetal arrhythmia (FA), one of the problems of modern obstetrics and perinatology. It presents the features of a somatic, obstetric and gynecological history and the course of pregnancy in patients with FA. The authors identify significant factors for the development of FA and small fetal heart malformations.

The health status of patients with diabetes mellitus (DM) and their quality of life directly depends on their daily well-being and on the uncomfortable conditions that may not be so noticeable in the presence of macrovascular complications, but nevertheless, can cause great suffering. The cause of daily discomfort can be dry eye syndrome (DES), a set of corneal and conjunctival changes caused by systematic instability of the tear film. The current treatment and prevention strategies for DES involve the use of drugs that moisturize the eye surface. There is a wide range of tear substitutes on the market; however, when making a choice, it is important to remember that the drug should be long present on the eye surface and therefore the absence of drug components can have a negative impact on the eye.

The paper evaluates the efficiency of magnetic therapy using an ALMAG+ apparatus in the treatment of dorsopathies (spinal osteochondrosis, spinal disc herniation).

The examination of 194 women with metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) during the menopausal transition period (MTP) has established an association of silent myocardial ischemia (SMI) episodes with hypoestrogenemia, psychoautonomic disorders, and hypersympathicotonia, as well as that of SMI episodes in cardialgia with coronary spasm. It has been suggested that SMI with MHO in MTP can be considered as a silent variant of cardiac syndrome X and as an additional type IA variant of SMI in the classification proposed by P. Cohn (1993)