Farmaciya (Pharmacy)

Anthocyanins are organic compounds belonging to the group of polyphenols, widely distributed in natural berries, fruits and vegetables. An increasing number of studies confirm that anthocyanins have various biological activities. These include activities such as antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, hepatoprotective and anti-inflammatory activities. Therefore, anthocyanins are widely used in the medical (pharmaceutical) and food industries. Extraction and purification of anthocyanins from natural sources is the initial challenge. To better understand the nature and mechanism of action of anthocyanins, further research is being carried out, the results of which are subject to systematization and careful analysis. This work examined various methods for extracting anthocyanins from medicinal plant materials. The advantages and disadvantages of various extraction methods were identified, and a comparative analysis of traditional and modern methods of anthocyanin extraction was carried out. Recent research results in the field of anthocyanin extraction and purification were also reviewed, and the effects of different extraction and purification methods on anthocyanin recovery and purity were analyzed and compared. This review can provide a scientific basis for the use of purified anthocyanins in the pharmaceutical (drug preparation, reference materials) and food (natural dyes) industries.

Introduction. Artemisia scoparia herba is a valuable source of biologically active compounds. Due to its rich chemical composition, the raw material has wide pharmacological effects.

Purpose of the study. Identification of some phenolic compounds and the quantitative determination of scoparone, scopoletin, umbelliferonein Artemisia scoparia herba by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC).

Material and methods. The investigated object is Artemisia scoparia herba, collected during the flowering phase in the Nikitsky Botanical Garden in 2018–2019. Qualitative determination of phenolic compounds was provided by HPLC with mass-spectrometry detection (HPLC-MS).

Results. The following phenolic compounds were identified by HPLC-MS: scopoletin, rutin, hyperoside, 3,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 4,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid, 1,4-dicaffeoylquinic acid, luteolin.

Conclusion. The possibility of qualitative and quantitative determination of phenolic compounds from plant raw materials by HPLC is shown.

Introduction. On the territory of the Russian Federation and abroad, cardiotonic drugs based on the fruits of various species of the genus Crataegus L., Rosaceae family). One of the promising species for harvesting fruits may be the Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch. The Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch has large juicy fruits that can be used as fresh, frozen and dried plant raw material for obtain the medicines.

The aim of the study is to study the morphological and anatomical features of the fruits of the Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch in fresh, dried raw materials, as well as after defrosting.

Material and methods. The research material was fresh, dried and frozen fruits of the Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K. Koch, collected on the territory of the Botanical Garden of Samara University in September 2022 during their ripening. The studies were carried out by light microscopy in transmitted and reflected light in a light field.

Results. Microscopic signs of the fruits of the Crataegus flabellata (Bosc ex Spach) K.Koch have similarities with the fruits of pharmacopoeia species of plants of the genus Crataegus L., while they are distinguished from the fruits of another North American species of Crataegus submollis Sarg. by the absence of significant pubescence of the fruit surface.

Introduction. In the Russian Federation, the latest version of the State Pharmacopoeia, XV edition, has been developed and is actively used. (entered into force on September 1, 2023). However, when developing and introducing various medicines into production, pharmaceutical services are forced to turn to GMP and GLP standards to bring the requirements into compliance with European standards. In this connection, it is relevant to conduct a comparative analysis of the regulatory requirements imposed, in particular, on soft dosage forms, in order to identify their similarities and differences. The established differential features specified in the General Pharmacopoeial Article «Soft Dosage Forms» (GF XV ed., OFS.1.4.1.0008) and foreign pharmacopoeial articles will allow pharmaceutical specialists to harmonize the requirements and use them in the pharmaceutical development and standardization of dosage forms in the form of gels , creams, liniments, ointments, pastes.

Objective: comparative analysis of Russian and international pharmacopoeial requirements for soft dosage forms to identify differential features and develop proposals for harmonizing quality indicators in accordance with modern standards.

Material and methods. The main materials for carrying out the information and analytical research method were the requirements reflected in domestic and foreign regulatory documentation that controls the quality of soft dosage forms. To solve the problems, we used materials from monographs of six leading pharmacopoeias, including foreign ones – State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XV ed. (SF RF), State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Belarus (SP RB), Pharmacopoeia of the Eurasian Economic Union (Ph. Eur.), British Pharmacopoeia (Ph. Br.), Chinese Pharmacopoeia (Ch. Ph.), Indian Pharmacopoeia (Ind. Ph.) and Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia 2010 (Ayur. Ph.).

Results. A comparative study of pharmacopoeial requirements for the characteristics and quality indicators of soft dosage forms presented in the State Pharmacopoeia of the Russian Federation XV (2023), State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Belarus (2013, 2016), Pharmacopoeia of the Eurasian Economic Union (2020) was carried out, Ph. Br. (2020), Chinese Pharmacopoeia (2020), Indian Pharmacopoeia (2022) and Ayurvedic Pharmacopoeia (2010). The analysis showed differences in approaches to standardization and quality control of soft dosage forms in leading pharmacopoeias. The results of the study can be used in the pharmaceutical development and standardization of soft dosage forms, as well as in adjusting the General Pharmacopoeia Monograph “Soft dosage forms”. Differences in pharmacopoeial requirements, reflected in Pharmacopoeial monographs, have been identified in the development and quality control of soft dosage forms.

Conclusion. The fundamental differential features of regulatory requirements have been identified, making it possible to formulate changes and additions to the General Pharmacopoeia Monograph «Soft dosage forms» during their pharmaceutical development and standardization.

Introduction. In pharmacy organizations, the risk management process includes the following procedures: determining the purpose, analyzing the causes and anticipating business risks, allowing you to identify risky situations and take measures aimed at eliminating them. In the risk management system of pharmacy organizations, the psychology of managers' behavior in making managerial decisions under risk conditions and its determining factors are important.

The purpose of the study is to establish the main causes of entrepreneurial risks and to characterize the psychological aspects of the behavior of the head of a pharmacy organization when making managerial decisions under risk conditions.

Material and methods. The object of the study is the risk events in pharmacy organizations identified during the survey of managers (n=70). The following scientific methods were used: content analysis, information and analytical, sociological, marketing. The specificity of the proposed methodology lies in the fact that it allows, based on the results of the assessment, to determine the level of implementation of the list of measures to reduce risks or eliminate them, which ultimately makes it possible to draw a conclusion about the effectiveness of the risk management system established in the pharmacy organization.

Results. In the course of a sociological survey of managers from the entire variety of existing entrepreneurial risks in pharmacy organizations, we identified the most common entrepreneurial risks and psychological aspects of the behavior of the head of a pharmacy organization when making managerial decisions in the context of risky events. It has been revealed that managers quite clearly define the nature and composition of risk situations arising in the course of the JSC's activities and realistically assess their consequences. In addition, they are making efforts to develop measures that contribute to reducing the number of risky situations and reducing their negative consequences. At the same time, the behavior of JSC managers in the field of risk management varies significantly, since it is formed under the influence of factors as objective. and of a subjective nature. Thus, the role of the psychological aspects of the risk management process and the importance of the relevant qualities and characteristics of management decision makers increases.

Conclusion. Risk management based on the results of evaluating the effectiveness of the risk management system established in a pharmacy organization based on the calculated value of specific indicators allows you to determine the position in which the organization is currently located, and also proves that the personal participation of the head in the prevention of risk situations is an important lever to strengthen the competitive advantages of each specific organization and reduce the number of risk situations.

Introduction. In order to increase the population's satisfaction with accessible preventive care, it is necessary to implement activities in the direction of preserving and strengthening public health by pharmacy organizations. To do this, it is important to update preventive work and formulate ways to improve the professional activities of pharmaceutical specialists in the direction of preventing chronic non-communicable diseases, which are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality in the region.

Objective: justification and development of directions for improving the activities of pharmaceutical specialists in the field of prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases.

Material and methods. The materials for the study were: regulatory documents in the field of prevention, basic WHO strategies and recommendations in the field of protecting public health, personal data of consumers of pharmacy products, as well as websites of pharmacy chains.

The research was carried out on the basis of systemic, structural and logical-semantic approaches, using general scientific methods, logical, situational, structural analyses, content analysis, economic and mathematical methods. The study of opinions on the preventive activities of pharmacy organizations was carried out using a sociological survey method.

Results. In the course of the study, ways to improve the professional activities of pharmaceutical specialists in the direction of preventing CNDs were substantiated and developed and the preventive work of the joint-stock company was updated. Areas of improvement include the formation of a unified preventive environment in the region, the concept of a preventive image, the procedure for organizing the activities of pharmacies in the direction of preserving and strengthening the health of consumers and the training of pharmaceutical personnel.

Conclusion. The preventive activities of the joint-stock company are organized with the aim of preserving and strengthening the health of citizens and consist of the implementation of preventive services aimed at combating risk factors for chronic NCDs. Thus, the study made it possible to expand the professional boundaries of pharmaceutical specialists, update the preventive activities of pharmacy organizations and contributed to positive changes in the value orientations of consumers towards the prevention of chronic non-infectious diseases.

Introduction. Today, antibiotics, uroseptics, diuretics, antispasmodics, etc. are widely used in the treatment of urological diseases. However, the use of herbal remedies occupies a special place, since herbal remedies act comprehensively and rarely cause undesirable reactions of the body.

Based on the above, the author is Mullajonova M.T. a diuretic collection (DC) was developed, containing 2 parts dog rose hips, 1 part black currant leaves, 1 part lemon balm leaves.

Objective: was to study the diuretic activity of DC, as well as assess the synergy of the components of DC.

Material and methods. The study of diuretic activity was carried out according to the generally accepted method on a model with water loading.

As a reference drug for assessing specific activity, we chose a reference diuretic preparation containing: solution – 100 g: active components: 29 g of aqueous-alcoholic extract from 1,8 g of a mixture of medicinal plant raw materials (1:1:1): centaury herb, lovage roots, rosemary leaves; excipients: purified water – 71,0 g; ethanol content: 16,0–19,5% (v/v)

Results. Based on the results of the study, it was found that the test preparation has reliable diuretic activity, which is comparable to the reference diuretic preparation. It was also found that the test preparation reliably exceeded the diuretic activity of the individual components included in the test preparation/DC, which proves the synergy of DC.

A range of effective doses has also been established and a dose of 1000 mg/kg is recommended as the most effective.

Conclusion. The studied DC has reliable diuretic activity comparable to the reference diuretic preparation, and the synergism of the DC components has also been proven. The range of effective doses was also studied and the most effective dose was determined.