The effect of various diets on the human gut microbiota composition


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Abstract

Intestinal microorganisms make up a dynamic ecosystem that has a significant impact on human health, by modulating the risk of certain chronic diseases, including inflammatory bowel diseases, obesity, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The gut microbiota is characterized by an interindividual variability due to genetic and environmental factors; its composition is unique in each individual and tends to remain fairly stable throughout the life. Individual nutrition features play a key role in the modulation of the gut microbiota composition. There are significant differences in the composition of the gut microbiota between the individuals who consume mainly the socalled Western diet high in fat and those who prefer a carbohydrate diet rich in dietary fibers. There are data on the relationship between nutrition and the gut microbiota, on the impact of short-term and long-term changes in the diet on the composition of the gut microbiota, as well as on certain types of diets. The metabolic effects of diet-induced changes in the composition of the gut microbiota are analyzed. It has been shown that a high fiber diet has a beneficial effect on the composition of the gut microbiota, stimulating bacterial diversity and contributing to positive changes in body functions. On the contrary, a diet high in fat and refined carbohydrates causes dysbiosis and stimulates the increase of inflammatory microflora, leading to chronic endotoxemia and systemic inflammation.

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About the authors

K. A Aitbaev

Kyrgyz Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine

Email: kaitbaev@yahoo.com
3, T. Moldo St., Bishkek 720040, Kyrgyzstan

I. T Murkamilov

I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy; Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University

Email: murkamilov.i@mail.ru
92, Akhunbaev St., Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan; 44, Kievskaya St., Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan

V. V Fomin

Kyrgyz Research Institute of Molecular Biology and Medicine

Email: fomin@mma.ru
2, B. Pirogovskaya St., Build. 4, Moscow 119991, Russian Federation

Zh. A Murkamilova

Kyrgyz-Russian Slavic University

Email: murkamilovazh.t@mail.ru
44, Kievskaya St., Bishkek 720000, Kyrgyzstan

I. O Kudaibergenova

I.K. Akhunbaev Kyrgyz State Medical Academy

Email: k_i_o2403@mail.ru
92, Akhunbaev St., Bishkek 720020, Kyrgyzstan

F. A Yusupov

Osh State University

Email: furcat_y@mail.ru
331, Lenin St., Osh 714000, Kyrgyzstan

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