Morphological and microscopic features of Prunella vulgaris L. herb

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Abstract

Introduction. Authenticity of medicinal plant raw materials implies the conformity of this raw material to the name under which it enters production, in terms of "external signs" and "microscopic signs". These indicators are established for P. vulgaris herb.

Objective: Establishment of the main diagnostic external and microscopic features of Prunella vulgaris L. herb, which should be detected when determining the authenticity of this medicinal plant raw materials.

Material and methods. The study was carried out with air-dry raw materials – Prunella vulgaris herb, collected in the flowering phase – the beginning of fruiting. Various types of optical microscopy were used: light, fluorescent, and stereomicroscopy.

Results. Main diagnostic morphological features of Prunella vulgaris L. are leaf form and leaf edge, degree of pubescence, corolla color which are observed using stereo microscopy. P. vulgaris leafs have ovoid or lanceolate form with whole edge, less often with dentate-crenate edge. The main diagnostic microscopic features are petiolar features such as collateral closed vascular bundles, one central large and two side in the P. vulgaris petiole Autoluminescence of leaf tissue are different.

Conclusion. We detected main morphological and anatomical features of Prunella vulgaris L. herb using optical microscopy: light, luminescent and stereo. We also detected new diagnostic features and clarified the structure of leafs, stems, flowers and seeds. These results may be used for project of pharmacopoeia article «Prunella herb» in the chapter «Autheticity».

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About the authors

Arnold Alexeevich Shamilov

1Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute (PMPI), Branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: shamilovxii@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-6730-9518

PhD in pharmaceutical sciences, associate professor at the Department of Pharmacognosy, Botany and Technology of Phytopreparations

Russian Federation, Kalinina prospect, 11, Pyatigorsk, 357532

Valentina Nikolaevna Bubenchikova

Kursk State Medical University (KSMU), Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: bubenhikova.ksmu@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9682-0684

professor, PhD in pharmaceutical sciences, Head of Department of Pharmacognosy and Botany

Russian Federation, K. Marx str., 3, Kursk, 305041

Olga Anatolievna Kiseleva

Institute Botanic Garden Ural Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences; Ural State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: kiselevaolga@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-8619-6416

PhD in Biological Sciences, associate professor at the Department of Management and Economics of Pharmacy, Pharmacognosy, senior researcher of Laboratory of Introduction

Russian Federation, 8 Marta str., 202a, Yekaterinburg, 620144; Repinastr., 3, Yekaterinburg, 620028

Ekaterina Robertovna Garsiya

Pyatigorsk Medical-Pharmaceutical Institute (PMPI), Branch of Volgograd State Medical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: x-pharm@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3217-0680

PhD in pharmaceutical sciences, lecturer of the Department of Pharmacognosy

Russian Federation, Kalinina prospect, 11, Pyatigorsk, 357532

Mikhail Urievich Goncharov

St. Petersburg Chemical-Pharmaceutical University, Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: mgonch@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-9706-9850

PhD in Biological Sciences, PhD in Pharmaceutical Sciences, associate professor of the Department of Pharmacognosy

Russian Federation, Professora Popova str., 14, Saint-Peterburg, 197376

References

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Upper side of leaf: (a) – ×40; (b) – leaf and petiole ×40

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3. Fig. 2. Down side of leaf ×40

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4. Fig. 3. Luminescence of tissues of uppersideofleaf: (a) – ×40; (b) – ×100

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5. Fig. 4. Luminescence of tissues of down side of leaf: (a) – ×40; (b) – ×100

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6. Fig. 5. Prunella vulgaris herb. Note. 1 – upper leaf epidermis (100×): а – epidermis cells; б – diacytic stomata; в –vesicular hairs; г – capitate hairs; 2 – leaf edge (40×): simple multicellular hairs; 3 – down leaf epidermis (100×): а – epidermis cells; б – essential oil glands; в – diacytic stomata; г – capitate hairs; д –hydathode; 4 – stem epidermis (100×): а – prosenchymal epidermis cells; б – diacytic stomata; в – capitate hairs; 5 –petiole leaf (100×): а – prosenchymal cells; б – capitate hairs; в – simple multicellular hairs; 6 – petiole cross section (40×): а – closed collateral vascular bundle; б – sclerenchyma; в – chlorenchyma; г – collenchyma; 7 – bract (100×): а – simple multicellular hairs at the edge; 8 – bract epidermis (100×): а – sinuous-walled epidermis cells; б – essential oil glands; 9 – upper petal side(100×): а – papillary outgrowths; 10 – down petal side (100×): а – sinuous-walled prosenchymal epidermis cells; б – simple one-two cell hairs; в – vesicular hairs; г – mesh-spiral thickening of xylem; 11 – down petal side (100×): а – essential oil glands; 12 – sepal surface (100×): а – simple multicellular hairs at the edge; б – sinuous-walled prosenchymal epidermis cells; в – essential oil glands; 13 – cross section of seed (40×): а – layer of palisade epidermis cells; б – seed peel; в – endosperm with germ; 14 – elements of powder (40×); 15 – elements of powder (100×): а – pollen grains

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