Phytochemical and microbiological study of acer tataricum leaves

Introduction. The Tatar maple (Acer tataricum L.) is a deciduous tree or tall shrub up to 8 m tall, which is widespread in Central, Eastern and Southeastern Europe, Asia Minor and the Caucasus. The analysis of scientific literature suggests the prospects of Tatar maple as a source of biologically active compounds. Thus, the leaves of the Tatar maple contain phenolic compounds (methyl gallate, tannins), which may have antimicrobial activity. The extract of Acer tataricum subsp. is being actively studied abroad. ginnala is a remedy with anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects. Of great interest are polyphenols of species of the genus Acer L. – derivatives of gallic acid (ginnalin A, etc.), which have anti-cancer activity.

The aim is study of the antibacterial activity of ginnalin A and water-alcohol extraction from the leaves of the Tatar maple (Acer tataricum L.)

Material and methods. The leaves of the Tatar maple (harvest date – June 2024) in the area of the Sokolikh Mountains of Samara (Dubki Forest Park) were used as the material. The drying of raw materials was carried out naturally under a canopy without direct sunlight. By the method of modified maceration from leaves based on an extractant – ethyl alcohol at a concentration of 70% in a ratio of “raw material – extractant” 1:5, a tincture was obtained, a 0.3% solution of ginnalin A was prepared in 70% ethyl alcohol, as well as a comparison preparation – eucalyptus tincture. Ginnalin A was isolated using column chromatography from evaporated water-alcohol extraction of Tatar maple leaves and identified based on physico-chemical constants, as well as UV and NMR spectra data. The determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration was carried out by double serial dilution in a Muller-Hinton nutrient broth (Bio-Rad, USA). Strains of Pseudomonas aeruginosa (ATCC 27853), Staphylococcus aureus subsp. aureus (ATCC 25923), Escherichia coli (ATCC 25922), Bacillus cereus (ATCC 29213), Candida albicans (ATCC 90028), Klebsiella pneumoniae (ATCC 13883), Enterococcus faecalis were used as test cultures. (ATCC 29212), Acinetobacter baumannii (ATCC 17978). Incubation was carried out at a temperature of 35°C for 24 hours. The results were evaluated visually by the presence/absence of microbial growth in the wells of the tablet with appropriate dilutions of the studied samples.

Results. As a result of a comparative microbiological study, it was found that tincture of Tatar maple leaves in 70% ethyl alcohol and ginnalin A have antibacterial activity against strains of P. aeruginosa, S. aureus, E. coli, B. cereus, C. albicans, K. pneumoniae, E. faecalis, A. baumannii. The tincture of Tatar maple leaves in 70% ethyl alcohol and ginnalin A have the most pronounced antibacterial activity in relation to E. faecalis, A. baumannii and B. cereus, which have an antibacterial effect superior to the comparison drug eucalyptus tincture.

Conclusion. Thus, it was determined that the tincture of Tatar maple leaves and ginnalin A in 70% ethyl alcohol have a more pronounced antibacterial activity against Enterococcus faecalis, Acinetobacter baumannii and B. cereus strains, compared with the comparison drug eucalyptus tincture.