Ustification of technology and analysis of liquid extract of garlic scales

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Abstract

Introduction. Disposal of food industry waste is an urgent problem that requires a solution. Hundreds of tons of meal from the food and pharmaceutical industries remain unclaimed, although they could become the basis for the creation of new medicines and biologically active food additives. One of the waste products of the food industry is the integumentary scales of garlic, which contain natural antioxidants – polyphenols. However, at present, in scientific medicine, garlic scales have been studied little and are not used in pharmacy. Purpose of the study: development of technology for extract of garlic scales of the winter variety “Petrovsky”.

Material and methods. The material was dried winter garlic scales, harvested from cultivated garlic in the Stavropol Territory in 2023. Identification of anthocyanins in the raw material and extract was carried out by thin-layer chromatography and by the characteristic maximum in the light absorption spectrum. Quantitative determination of anthocyanins was carried out by spectrophotometry, after establishing the optimal parameters for their extraction from raw materials (degree of grinding, extraction time, type of extractant, type of extraction). The extract was obtained by repercolation with a completed cycle in a battery of three percolators using the countercurrent principle. The assessment of quality indicators (appearance, dry residue, alcohol concentration in the extract, content of active substances) and functional characteristics of the finished extract was carried out in accordance with the requirements of the Global Fund.

Results. As a result of the experiments, the optimal parameters for the extraction of anthocyanins from scales were established, and a comparative assessment was carried out using 1% solutions of hydrochloric acid and citric acid as extractants in the quantitative determination method. The developed spectrophotometric method for the quantitative determination of anthocyanins in raw materials made it possible to establish their content as 0.501±0.012%, using a specific absorption index of cyanidin 3-5-diglycoside equal to 453. The determination error did not exceed ±2.5%. The commodity and technological indicators of the raw materials were determined, the concentration of the extractant (ethyl alcohol), and the conditions for extracting the raw materials were substantiated. A technology has been developed for liquid extract of garlic scales using the repercolation method, dividing the raw material into equal parts with a completed cycle. The analysis of the obtained extract was carried out according to pharmacopoeial indicators: appearance, dry residue, alcohol concentration in the extract, content of active substances.

Conclusion. The results of the research can serve as a basis for further studies of the biological activity of the obtained extract as a remedy with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity.

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About the authors

Gayane Valerievna Sagradyan

Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute – branch of the Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Author for correspondence.
Email: gayanka@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7970-1958
SPIN-code: 9629-5773

Сandidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Аssociate Professor, Department of Pharmaceutical Technology with a course in Medical Biotechnology

Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk

Asya Yuryevna Airapetova

Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute – branch of the Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: asyapgfa@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-4959-5677
SPIN-code: 8234-0136

Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk

Elena Vladimirovna Kovtun

Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute – branch of the Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: elena.f.73@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-3437-760X
SPIN-code: 9921-2190

Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Аssociate Professor, Аssociate Professor of the Department of Pharmaceutical Technology with a course in Medical Biotechnology

Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk

Dmitry Olegovich Bokov

I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University of the Ministry of Health f the Russian Federation (Sechenov University); Federal State Budgetary Scientific Institution “Federal Research Center of Nutrition and Biotechnology”

Email: bokov_d_o@staff.sechenov.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2968-2466
SPIN-code: 7523-5909

Сandidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Associate Professor, Associate Professor of the Pharmaceutical Natural Sciences Department at Institute of Pharmacy named after A.P. Nelyubin

Russian Federation, Trubetskaya str., 8/2, Mosсow, 119991; Ustinsky proezd, 2/14, building, Moscow, 109240

Ekaterina Alexandrovna Maslovskaya

Pyatigorsk Medical and Pharmaceutical Institute – branch of the Volgograd State Medical University of the Ministry of Health of Russia

Email: Maslovskaya.Ek@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-2041-0421

Candidate of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Associate Professor of the Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry

Russian Federation, Pyatigorsk

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2. Fig. 1. Detection of anthocyanins in garlic scales by thin-layer chromatography: 1 – in the extract; 2 – in the extract

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3. Fig. 2. Absorption spectra of anthocyanins in garlic scale extracts using ethyl alcohol: 1 – 20%; 2 – 50%; 3 – 70%; 4 – 96%

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4. Fig. 3. Absorption spectrum of anthocyanins in garlic peel extract

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