Nº 4 (2025)

Currently, the world is faced with a rapid increase in antibiotic resistance of pathogenic microorganisms. The formation of resistance of pathogens to most groups of modern antibiotics is a serious challenge for healthcare. Many proven drugs have lost their effectiveness. Standard therapy is no longer suitable for the treatment of diseases caused by resistant bacterial strains. Complications may occur, as well as the number of deaths. The key areas of combating this problem are monitoring the spread of resistance, the search for new antimicrobial drugs and strict control over their use. All this will require the combined efforts of scientists, the state and society as a whole.

Ensuring food security is an important condition for achieving Russia’s national security. Agricultural research should focus on priority areas of scientific and technological development, the preparation of federal projects aimed at the development of breeding, genetics, biotechnologies, soil protection systems of agriculture, the introduction of digital technologies, the creation of competitive agricultural machinery and equipment. It is necessary to establish cooperation between agricultural science and business, while developments must meet modern market requirements. In this regard, a strategy for state land policy should be drawn up in the near future and a number of legislative acts should be adopted, in particular the federal laws “On Soil Protection”, “On Land Management”, “On Rural Development”.

Since the manned scientific research orbital station “Mir” ceased to exist, Russian cosmonauts have been actively involved in the work of the International Space Station. However, there is now a need for an independent and full-fledged Russian presence in orbit. To this end, a large-scale project of the Russian Orbital Station is being implemented, which will allow conducting unique research, creating the latest technologies and equipment, as well as preparing for interplanetary flights.

In December 2024, a new Strategy for the Spatial Development of the country was approved in Russia - for the period up to 2030 and with a forecast up to 2036. Unlike the previous similar document (the Strategy for the period up to 2025 approved in 2019), Strategy 2030 envisages expanding the geography of economic growth by forming a wide list of key settlements. Currently, there are 2160 of them - from the largest cities to rural settlements that play a significant role in the development of the country’s economy (including science cities), ensuring its national security or providing social services to the population. Despite a number of positive innovations, Strategy 2030 leaves many important questions unanswered (including the inclusion of science cities in key settlements), which indicates the need for further scientific and methodological support for the implementation of Strategy 2030 and its subsequent updating.

The article examines long-term strategic planning documents that influence Russia’s demographic policy, with an emphasis on the role of family and fertility as key resources for demographic development and achieving demographic stability. The article analyzes the latest regulatory legal acts, including the Decrees of the President of the Russian Federation, the national project “Family” and the “Strategy for the implementation of family and demographic policy, support for large families in the Russian Federation until 2036” and considers the main areas of family support, stimulation of the birth rate and strengthening of multi-generational families. An analysis of the number and composition of large families was made based on the results of the censuses of 1970, 1979, 1989, 2002, 2010 and 2020, with a detailed analysis of the latter. The article considers institutional mechanisms for supporting large families, including financial and infrastructural measures, as well as barriers and challenges that hinder the spread of large families practices. The authors analyze the role of strategic documents in terms of demographic development, the formation of a favorable environment for large families, noting their importance in overcoming the demographic crisis.

The relevance of assessing the effectiveness of regional management is due to the goal of improving the quality of life of the population. At present, qualitative and quantitative approaches to assessing the effectiveness of the activities of regional executive authorities are used: econometric, rating, expert, sociological evaluation indicators on a formal basis without the involvement of experts. It provides for four main stages of calculations: preparation of initial data, including a set of evaluation indicators; formation of a structural matrix of achievements; assessment of the complexity of indicators and structures of achievements; assessment of performance. The peculiarity of the proposed method is that it allows to get an idea of the relative complexity of solving problems and achieving the goals of socio-economic development. This idea is formed on the basis of a comparative analysis of the weights of estimated indicators obtained on a formal basis. It is shown that the estimates of the weights of indicators respond to objective difficulties arising in management systems. In this study, when testing the method on 29 selected indicators of socio-economic development of regions, the authors did not set themselves the task of obtaining practically significant results. Possible areas of practical application of the method are to evaluate the effectiveness of the activities of senior officials of the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as to evaluate the effectiveness of fundamental and exploratory scientific research, taking into account the labor required to carry them out.