Characteristics of secondary deposits in the Starateley cave (Sverdlovsk Region)

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Abstract

The paper reports, for the first time, on cryogenic minerals and flowstones in the Starateley cave on the River Sosʼva (the Northern Urals). The cave was found and explored in 2011; presently it is one of the largest, in terms of its volume, underground caverns in the Sverdlovsk Region. Upon our visit in 2016 in addition to «common»speleothems, such as cryogenic flour and flowstone, we have found peculiar aggregates of yellowish calcite as well as cave pearls. The depleted O and enriched C isotope signatures indicate cryogenic origin of this calcite and its formation from slowly freezing solution. Dating cryogenic calcite with 230Th/234U method allow to constraint the time of climate warming-related thawing of permafrost on the eastern slope of the Northern Ural Mountains to 85.4 ± 0.5 ka BP. The age of cave pearls is Holocene (7.4 ± 2.1 ka BP). Stalagmite sample has not been dated due to low U contents and inferred «open system» behavior of U and Th isotopes.

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About the authors

Olga Kadebskaya

Perm Federal Research Center Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: icecave@bk.ru

Kungur laboratory, Head of the laboratory, Ph.D, Mining Institute UB RAS

Russian Federation, Sibirskaya str. 78-а, Perm, Russia, 614007

Yuri Dublyansky

Innsbruck University, Institute of Geology

Email: juri.dublyansky@uibk.ac.at

Senior researcher, Ph.D

Austria, Innsbruck, Austria, 6020

Oksana Korotchenkova

Perm Federal Research Center Ural Branch Russian Academy of Sciences

Email: korotchenkova@mi-perm.ru

laboratory of mineral resources geology, researcher, Ph.D, Mining Institute UB RAS

Russian Federation, Sibirskaya str. 78-а, Perm, Russia, 614007

References

  1. Chaykovskiy I. I., Kadebskaya O. I., Žak K. Morphology, composition, age and nature of carbonate spherulites from the caves of the Western Urals. Geochem. Int. 2014. N 4. P. 336-337.
  2. Cheng H., Edwards R. L., Hoff J., Gallup C. D., Richards D. A., Asmerom Y. The half-lives of uranium-234 and thorium-230. Chem. Geol. 2000. Vol. 169, N 1-2. P. 17-33.
  3. Dublyansky Y., Kadebskaya O., Koltai G., Töchterle P., Spötl C. Cryogenic cave calcites reveal dynamic response of Eurasian permafrost to Late Pleistocene climate change. In: VIII International Workshop on Ice Caves, Potes, Picos de Europa, Spain. 2018. P. 57.
  4. Maksimovich G. A. Some questions on the morphometry of karst cavities. In: Issues of karst studies. Perm, 1969. P. 137-143 (in Russian).
  5. Orlov O. L., Tsurikhin E. A., Vasilyеv S. N. Further studies of the caves of the Sosvinsky subdistrict of the Severouralsk speleological region. Speleology and Spelestology. 2011. N 2. P. 62-63 (in Russian).
  6. Spötl C., Vennemann T. W. Continuous-flow isotope ratio mass spectrometric analysis of carbonate minerals. Rapid Commun. Mass Spectrom. 2003. Vol. 17. P. 1004-1006.
  7. Žak K., Onac B. P., Kadebskaya O. I., Filippi M., Dublyansky Y., Luetscher M. Cryogenic mineral formation in caves. In: Part 6 of book «Ice Caves» A. Persoiu and S.-E. Lauritzen (eds). Amsterdam; Camdridge: Elsevier, 2018. P. 123-162.

Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Time series of air temperature (monthly averages) in the Central grotto of the Starateley cave.

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3. Fig. 2. Sampling sites of cave deposits (circles) and the location of the temperature monitoring station (star) on the cave plan.

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4. Fig. 3. General view of carbonate formations in situ at the sampling sites: a — stalagmite (sample 1); б — calcite aggregates of two types: on the surface of stones, calcite is light-yellow in color, overlain by white crusts and layers of spherulites (sample 2); в — calcite spherulites (sample 3); г — powdery calcite on the surface of rock fragments (sample 4).

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5. Fig. 4. The morphology of white calcite spherulites in samples 2 and 3: а, б — individual cave pearls; в—д — younger crust, coating spherulites and bone detritus. SEM microphotographs.

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6. Fig. 5. The morphology of calcite with light-yellow color from sample 2: a — crust comprising variously oriented crystals; б — flat base of the spherulite-crust aggregate; в — intergrowth of blocky crystals; г — aggregate of intergrown split crystals; д — spherulitic aggregate. SEM microphotographs.

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7. Fig. 6. The morphology of the crystals and aggregates of calcite from sample 4. SEM microphotographs.

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8. Fig. 7. The ratio of Ca, Mg and S (atomic) in calcite flour (a), cave pearls (б) and light-yellow calcite (в).

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9. Fig. 8. Isotopic composition of stalagmite (1), calcite flour (2), cave pearls (3) and light yellow calcite (4).

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