Dalnegorskite, Ca5Mn(Si3O9)2, a new pyroxenoid of the bustamite structure type, a rock-forming mineral of calcic skarns of the Dalnegorskoe boron deposit (Primorskiy kray, Russia)

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Abstract

Dalnegorskite — the new pyroxenoid with the crystal-chemical formula Ca2Ca2MnCa(Si3O9)2, and the simplified formula Ca5Mn(Si3O9)2, is a rock-forming mineral in the boron-bearing calcareous skarns of the Dalnegorskoe boron-silicate deposit (Dalnegorsk, Primorsky Krai, Russia). It belongs to the structural type of bustamite and forms a continuous solid-solution series with the isostructural mineral ferrobustamite Ca2Ca2FeCa[Si3O9]2. These pyroxenoids form thinly-radiated banded beige, pinkish-white and milky-white aggregates typically consisting of split thin acicular to fiber-like individuals and are associated with hedenbergite, datolite, andradite, galena, sphalerite, and pyrrhotite. Dmeas. = 3.02(2), Dcalc. = 3.035 g·cm–3. Dalnegorskite is optically biaxial, negative, α = 1.640 (3), β = 1.647 (3), γ = 1.650 (3)°, 2Vmeas. = 75(10)º. The average chemical composition of the holotype (electron microprobe data) is: MgO 0.23, CaO 40.02, MnO 5.02, FeO 3.64, SiO2 50.65, total 99.56 wt.%. The empirical formula calculated on 18 O atoms is Ca5.03Mn0.51Fe0.36Mg0.04Si6.03O18. The crystal structure of the new mineral was refined by powder X-ray diffraction data using the Rietveld method, Rp = 0.0345, Rwp = 0.0444, R1 = 0.0790, wR2 = 0.0802. Dalnegorskite is triclinic, P-1, a = 7.2588(11), b = 7.8574(15), c = 7.8765(6) Å, α = 88.550(15), β = 62.582(15), γ = 76.621(6)º, V = 386.23(11) Å3, Z = 1. Dalnegorskite is distinctly different from the related mineral wollastonite in the infrared spectrum. The wave-numbers of maxima of strong bands in the characteristic region of Si—O stretching vibrations in the IR spectrum of dalnegorskite are (cm–1): 905, 937, 1025, 1070. The type specimen of dalnegorskite is deposited in the collection of the Fersman Mineralogical Museum of the Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia (No. 96201).

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About the authors

N. V. Shchipalkina

Moscow State University;Federal scientific research center «Crystallography and photonica» RAS

Author for correspondence.
Email: estel58@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow;Moscow

I. V. Pekov

Moscow State University;Institute of Geochemistry and Analytical Chemistry RAS

Email: igorpekov@mail.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow;Moscow

D. A. Ksenofontov

Moscow State University

Email: estel58@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

N. V. Chukanov

Institute of Problems of Chtmical Physics RAS

Email: estel58@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow Region, Chernogolovka

D. I. Belakovskiy

A. E. Fersman Mineralogical Museum RAS

Email: estel58@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

N. N. Koshlyakova

Moscow State University

Email: estel58@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

References

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Supplementary files

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2. Fig. 1. Backscattered-electron (а) and secondary-electron (б) SEM images of typical aggregates of dalnegorskite.

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3. Fig. 2. Typical aggregates consisting of dalnegorskite (Dln), datolite (Dat) and hedenbergite (Hed). Polished sections. Field width is 7 cm for each photograph.

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4. Fig. 3. Infrared absorption spectra of dalnegorskite from Dalnegorsk (a), bustamite from Broken Hill, New South Wales, Australia (б), and wollastonite-1A from Akchatau, Kazakhstan (в).

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5. Fig. 4. Crystal structures of dalnegorskite, a representative of the bustamite structure type (left figure), and wollastonite-1A (right figure).

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6. Fig. 5. The arrangement of tetrahedral chains and their joint with cation ribbon in crystal structures of (a) wollastonite and (б) bustamite, after (Aksenov et al., 2015).

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7. Fig. 6. Rietveld refinement plots of dalnegorskite with wollastonite (a) and bustamite (б) structure models. Upper graph is the experimental powder X-ray diffraction pattern of dalnegorskite. The difference between the observed and calculated patterns is shown at lower graph.

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8. Fig. 7. Ratios of major M cations in: □ — dalnegorskite from Dalnegorsk (this work) and Hijikuzu, Japan (Ohashi, Finger, 1978), and ○ — ferrobustamite (Rapoport, Burnham, 1973; Shimazaki, Yamanaka, 1973; Burnham, 1975; Yamanaka et al., 1977; Shchipalkina et al., 2018). Stars indicate the idealized, end-member compositions of dalnegorskite (Dln) and ferrobustamite (Fbst).

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