Nataliyamalikite, TlI, and its cubic polymorphic modification from the Koryaksky volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

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A rare mineral of thallium and iodine, nataliyamalikite, TlI, was found in the products of fumarole activity occurred during the 2008–2009 eruption of the Koryaksky volcano (Kamchatka, Russia). X-ray diffraction study of nataliyamalikite confirmed that it crystallizes in the orthorhombic symmetry: space group Cmcm, a = 4.5856(2) / 4.5846(2), b = 12.9318(6) / 12.9275(4), c = 5.2551(2) / 5.2534 (6) Å, V = 311.63(2) / 311.35(6) Å3 (for two studied grains). In one of the grains, in addition to nataliyamalikite and tridymite, a cubic phase with the CsCl (Pm-3m) structure type and the unit-cell parameter a = 4.215 Å was found. This phase most likely corresponds to the cubic polymorph of TlI that is isotypic to its synthetic analogue (Pm-3m, a = 4.205–4.210 Å) and lafossaite TlCl (Pm-3m, a = 3.876 Å). The presence of cubic modification in nature continues earlier by finds of TlI crystals of cubic habit at Avachinsky and Mutnovsky volcanoes (Kamchatka). The intergrowth of two polymorphs of TlI composition, one of which is orthorhombic (nataliyamalikite), and the second corresponds to an unnamed cubic natural compound, can be caused by an evolution in the crystallization temperature. In all known cases, the formation of natalyamalikite associated with volcanic gases with a high content of the deep component.

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作者简介

E. Zhitova

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch RAS

编辑信件的主要联系方式.
Email: zhitova_es@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

L. Anikin

Institute of Volcanology and Seismology, Far Eastern Branch RAS

Email: zhitova_es@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Petropavlovsk-Kamchatsky

V. Shilovskikh

Saint Petersburg State University

Email: zhitova_es@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Saint-Petersburg

A. Zolotarev jr.

Saint Petersburg State University

Email: zhitova_es@mail.ru
俄罗斯联邦, Saint-Petersburg

参考

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2. Fig. 1. Activization of the Koryaksky volcano: three fumaroles on a crack in the near-summit part. Photo taken on January 3, 2009 by A. V. Sokorenko.

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3. Fig. 2. Fumarolic sublimates on the edge of the upper fumarole at the Koryaksky volcano: sampling site (left) and edge of the fumarole with a diameter of more than 5 m (right).

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4. Fig. 3. Grains of nataliyamalikite from Koryaksky volcano (upper image) and energy-dispersive spectra obtained from them (lower image).

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5. Fig. 4. Micrograph of a cross-section of a multiphase grain (the brightest areas contain thallium and iodine; the dark matrix is composed of tridymite) and maps of the distribution of chemical elements over the grain area. Scanning electron micrograph of back-scattered electrons and maps of the distribution of individual elements (in their characteristic X-ray emission) in this grain.

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6. Fig. 5. Powder X-ray diffraction patterns of two grains: (a) pure nataliyamalikite, (б) a mixture of nataliyamalikite with tridymite and a phase with the CsCl structural type (cubic polymorph TlI).

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7. Fig. 6. The Rietveld fit for nataliyamalikite: the figure shows the coincidence of the experimental (blue) and calculated (red) curves.

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8. Fig. 7. Result of refinement of the phase composition of the grain using the structural models of nataliyamalikite, tridymite and the CsCl structural type. Note: the areas of less smooth fitting belong to tridymite.

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9. Fig. 8. Crystal structures of TlI polymorphs: the orthorhombic form, corresponding to nataliyamalikite (left), and the cubic form (right).

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