Geological position, features of mineralization and typification of rare-metal and rare-earth amazonite pegmatites

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Abstract

Amazonite zonal pegmatites and associated dikes of pegmatoid granites have a special position among rare-metal and rare-earth pegmatites. The geological and structural situation of the localization (including the lack of connection with granite plutons) and the internal structure of their fields have certain similarities with the fields of rare-metal sodium-lithium spodumene pegmatites. With this similarity, the compositions of pegmatites are fundamentally different: the former are classified as representatives of the NYF (Nb-Y-F) family of pegmatites, the latter as typical pegmatites of the LCT (Li-Cs-Ta) family. Certain differences in mineralogical features are also established among amazonite pegmatites of different fields: for example, amazonite pegmatites of Western Keivy (Kola Peninsula) and amazonite pegmatites of Ilmeny (Ural), in which minerals characteristic of lithium pegmatites become common. On the other hand, there are known fields of spodumene pegmatites (Tastyg, Tuva), where spodumene is associated with amazonite and accessories common to аmazonite rare-metal-rare-earth pegmatites. There are some kind of transitions from amazonite pegmatites similar to the NYF family (Keivy) through amazonite pegmatites with mixed NYF+(LCT) features (Ilmeny) to amazonite-containing spodumene pegmatites with LCT+(NYF) characteristics (Tastyg, Tuva) and further to typical rare-metal non-amazonite pegmatites LCT. Based on the principles of the geological and petrological approach, a scheme for the systematization of granite pegmatites is proposed.

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About the authors

Yu. B. Marin

Saint Petersburg Mining University

Author for correspondence.
Email: yubmarin@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

V. V. Smolensky

Saint Petersburg Mining University

Email: smolenskiy_vv@pers.spmi.ru
Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

S. M. Beskin

Institute of Mineralogy, Geochemistry, and Crystal Chemistry of Rare Elements

Email: yubmarin@yandex.ru
Russian Federation, Moscow

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2. Fig. 1. Geological and petrological systematics of pegmatite-bearing granite systems. Only pegmatites of leucogranite and alaskite complexes are indicated in pink, while granites, pegmatites, and pegmatites of microcline-albite granite complexes are indicated in yellow.

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3. Fig. 2. Geological and petrological systematics of granite pegmatites of areas with magmatites of normal (pink) and increased (yellow) alkalinity. When designating the types of pegmatites, the terminology of the classification of P. Černý (Černý, Ercit, 2005) was used: Mi — miarolitic, REL — rare metal with LCT and NYF types, MS — muscovite, MSREL — rare metal-muscovite, AB — abyssal pegmatites with clarifications of their geochemical specialization

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