Vol V, No 3 (1897)

All my experiments were carried out on dogs. I stopped at these animals in view of the fact that in terms of topographic relations, their spinal cord is closer to the human; this circumstance gives more guarantees not to fall into a gross error when comparing the results obtained with those of people. At the same time, only adult dogs were taken for the experiments, in which the process of development of the central nervous system could be considered completely complete. This condition was essential for my goals, since I set myself the task of studying secondary regeneration on fully developed brains. In addition, the question of the beginnings and consistency of the development of secondary degenerations of individual systems in the spinal cord of dogs, specially put into the program of my study, also required the observance of the indicated conditions.

The involvement of the spinal cord in infectious polyneuritis can be primary or secondary.
With regard to primary participation, here again two clinical forms must be distinguished:
1) Toxins have only a short-term and weak effect on the spinal cord, which is expressed, usually at the beginning of the disease, by transient disorders of the functions of the bladder and rectum, at which, however, the usual clinical picture and the course of polyneuritis do not represent significant changes; prediction does not get worse (compare the cases of Oppenheim’a, Kanonnikov, Charcot, Rhode, etc.)
2) In the second category of cases, the toxins act more vigorously on the blood vessels and the most nervous elements of the spinal cord, causing persistent organic damage to it, and how new, unusual for polyneuritis, features are introduced into the clinical picture, so the course of the disease changes; prediction gets worse.

Karl Barakall, Latvian, peasant — farmer for 24 years, comes from a healthy family; between the family of the patient, no one suffered from mental or nervous diseases. K.B. was always healthy and nothing abnormal was suppressed to the point of real illness. In June 1893, he once came from the field before the end of the work, complained of a headache, prayed, talked about his crimes, and did not attribute to himself any crimes that were not perfect by him, but only exaggerated the meaning of really perfect ones: rarely went to scolded, etc. He was looking for a rope and at the same time said that he needed it in order to hang himself; they began to persuade him not to think about suicide and he now promised that he would not encroach on his life; he was apparently pleased with the participation of his relatives, and when they persuaded him, he was pleased and calm, hugged them, kissed them, but he himself did not speak and responded briefly but reasonably to the persistent repeated appeals to him. 

In view of the special interest of our case, we will enter here into consideration of the anatomical and physiological side of the normal light reaction and try to explain the peculiar symptom observed in the patient, which is called the perverted or paradoxical reaction of the pupils. As is known, the common oculomotor nerve innervates the muscle that lifts the upper eyelid, the four external ocular muscles: the internal, upper and lower rectus, lower oblique and two internal muscles of the eye — the orbicular muscle of the pupil and the lumbar muscle, there are probably only seven muscles. The physiological conditions of the movement of the eye muscles convince us that not all of them have a separate movement. Excluding the lower oblique, which plays the role of an accessory muscle, and the orbicular muscle of the pupil, which is not rapidly contracting together with the lumbar muscle, all other muscles are so adapted to isolated movements that, it would seem, one could expect the corresponding differentiation in their nuclei.

The statistics of American psychiatric hospitals (Pennsylvania, New York) show that women are more likely to be affected by hereditary mental illnesses than men and more often than the latter pass on their ailment to female offspring, namely in the ratio 1, 7: 1. English statistics show that men are inherited passes more often from the father (in 1, 1 times), and to women - from mothers (in 1, 3 times more often than the father of the father).

The author cites one case of acute mania, which returned during 34 years of 20 years. In the intervals between the seizures, the patient (the merchant) was quite successful in his own affairs and at the present time, 4 years after the last seizure, he feels completely healthy in physical and mental relations. There is no predisposition.

The question of the regeneration of the nervous tissue in general and the elements of the central nervous system in particular was the subject of numerous and conscientious studies; but to this day this question is open, it is the arena of various, even directly opposite views. The author, on the basis of his numerous, which required a significant investment of time and labor, experiments and observations, decides the question in a positive sense regarding the participation of nervous elements in the regeneration of the central nervous system in mammals. The author, in a large, but complete essay, introduces the issue to the literature, sets out in detail the technique of performing experiments, points to the technique that he used in microscopic studies, gives several protocols of pathological and anatomical dissections of experimental animals and, finally, details of microscopic studies of the brain with an illustration of words with the corresponding drawings, gives conclusions from their observations, the presentation of which I will limit myself to this abstract.

The work was carried out in the laboratory arranged by the author at the zemstvo emergency room. The author made his research according to the Golgi-Cajal method. At the beginning of the work, the author gives a short historical overview of the study of the structure of the retina, then describes the technique of the Golgi method in applying to the retina and finally gives the results of his own studies on birds.

On May 19 in Kazan he defended his dissertation for the degree of Doctor of Medicine as an assistant at the Department of Psychiatry of the Kazan University B. I. Vorotynskiy. The professional opponents were: N.A.Mislavsky, L.O.Darkshevich and I.M.Dogel. All opponents gave flattering reviews about the candidate's work and wished him to continue to work with the same success in his chosen field.

Dear Mr. Editor! In the section "Chronicle and mixture", issue 2 of the V volume of "Neurological Bulletin", there is a note in which it is said that "in the Kherson psychiatric hospital, an audit is being carried out regarding the abuse discovered by the head physician, who has been temporarily removed from the performance of his duties." This naturally leads the author of the lock "to very sad reflections." 

Chaired by H. M. Popov, with the secretary V. P. Zhestkov; attended by Messrs. acting members: K. A. Arnshtein, K. V. Voroshilov, N. A. Mislavsky, N. A. Tolmachev, B. I. Vorotynskiy, A. F. Geberg, I. Naumov, D. V. Polumordvinov, L. A. Sergeev, P. S. Skuridin, D. A. Timofeev, S. N. Urvantsov; guests: Dr. Borman, Dolgov, Nikolaev and about 100 students.

Chairman. Prof. Bekhterev, attended by: Erlitskiy, Dobrotvorskiy, Delov, Borispolskiy, Giza, Ostankov, Blumenau, Rosenbakh, Schelogin guests: Pyasetskiy, Lebedev, Levchatkin, Yurman and prof. Khrushchov.

Chairman prof. Bekhterev, with: Erlitsky, Rosenbakh. Dobrotvorskiy, Borispolskiy, Trapeznikov, Zhukovskiy. Gize, Ostankov, Osipov, Remers, Telyatnik.
Borispolskiy. Sciatic pain treatment by Scottish souls.