Vol XLIX, No 1 (2017)

On the basis of electroencephalographic parameters, characteristics of exogenous and cognitive evoked potentials, motor and vegetative maintains of activity using logit regression analysis and technology of artificial neural networks the specificity of organization of physiological functions in groups of 235 healthy people and patients with epilepsy was observed. The greater role in decision of this task parameters of function of afferent mechanisms and cross-correlation function of electroencephalography have played.

500 workers of locomotive brigades were examined to study the prognostic competence. It was found that the predictive competence of locomotive crew is a complex phenomenon, which includes the intellectual, emotional and behavioral characteristics, which is associated with the absence of neurotic disorders, the prevalence of the intellectualization as a type of psychological protection in combination with harmonious traits of character and low severity of aggressive behaviors. Due to the importance of a competence in forecasting to the professional activity of workers of locomotive brigades it is necessary to diagnose these psychological characteristics.

We have analyzed DRD4 120bp VNTR samples provided by 181 patients suffering from cathinone addiction (case 1) and compared them to the samples taken from 168 somatically and psychologically healthy people (case 2). The analysis showed DRD4*L (120bp dup) as the most common allele in both cases. However, the frequency of the genotype *S/*S happened to be statistically more significant in case 1 compared to case 2. Based on this analysis, it could be concluded that the genetic effect on developing an addition to synthetic cathinone can be mediated via dopaminergic system, in particular by DRD4 120bp VNTR.

In this lecture some milestones of the conceptual history of autism are considered. Autism today is a widely used term, yet what is understood by autism has changed considerably since first being introduced in scientific discourse almost 100 years ago. Autism is analyzed in a level continuum: norm - personality disorder - schizophrenic psychoses. The lack of a clear definition and hence of the reliability blurs the original meaning of the term, that has no place in modern diagnostic systems. Exclusion of the “Bleuler autism” concept from the list of diagnostic criteria blurs the essential basis of schizophrenia as a single nosological unit with a return to pre-Bleyler diagnostic period. The crisis in the understanding of autism can be overcome by the interaction between traditional and existential psychiatry.

In this paper traditional concepts of a link between mental activity and brain activity are reviewed, and hypothesis of brain as a biological interface, which was earlier (2008) suggested by the author, is developed. Approaches to research of psyche in areas of physiology, psychophysiology, psychology and psychiatry, as well as their applications to therapy of patients with mental disorders, are analyzed. The author suggests two main models of mental disorders based on clearer differentiation of organic (brain) pathology and mental disorders as such that result from informational non-material influence on psyche rather than on brain. Difference between nervous and psychic functioning of organism and personality is outlined; mental activity is viewed as an acquired or programmed function formed in social informational environment.

The doctrine of “psychopathy” (later - “personality disorders”) appeared in the second half of the XIX century on the basis of social Darwinism and B. Morel theory of progressive hereditary degeneration. Passion, vices, originality from moral choices transformed into “psychiatric symptoms”. Psychiatrists have laid on the role of society defenders from the persons with psychiatric diagnoses. It has opened the floodgates for psychiatry use in police purposes. Biological theories of personality abolished the presumption of individual responsibility, contributed to the spread of conformity and totalitarianism. There is no evidence that deviations from the public morality norms are caused by the brain and mental pathology. Psychiatry, like any science, has its limits of competence. Psychiatrist assesses the state of mental functions in normal and pathological conditions. The spiritual sphere cannot be the object of scientific study. No medical knowledge can explain the world and predict behavior. No therapies exist with proven efficacy in “personality disorders”. The failure of the diagnostic criteria of “personality disorders” in the international classifications it is shown. Psychological structure should not become a psychiatric diagnosis. It is recommended to concentrate in the class within the ICD-10 Z00-Z99 “Factors influencing health status and contact with health services” useful for practical health care and medical expertise in the field of personology. The physician must be independent of the moral values of behavior and must always be on the side of the patient’s interests.

The paper puts forward a new old paradigm in addiction in the form of analysis of behavioral disorders in the complex “organism - behavior - consciousness” in addiction, particularly in the discussion of the behavior being examined for alcohol intoxication of drivers. There were described non-verbal behavior in different variants of intoxication and variants of realization of a state of intoxication justified.

The study involved 1084 adolescents. It was revealed that 29.3% of them are abusing the Internet. 4.3% of all respondents are internet addicted. Risk factors of formation of Internet addiction are: congenital functional insufficiency of central nervous system, deviant parenting style, maladaptive traits.

Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is the most common variant of personality disorders. Psychiatrists have difficulty in establishing the diagnosis of BPD. Original clinical rating scale for borderline personality disorder is offered. Effectiveness of recognition of BPD by psychiatrists, narcologists and psychotherapists based on non-standardized clinical assessment and by using of clinical rating scale for borderline personality disorder was compared. It is shown that application of the proposed clinical rating scale can significantly improve the detection of borderline personality disorder by professionals.

By means of case-study method the typical clinical cases have been analyzed and examined. They show the necessity of further improvement of regulatory aspect in psychiatry, so that to avoid any moral-ethical problems which still take place in psychiatric practice between a patient and a doctor. In addition, the law puts hard restrictions on the problem, making it impossible to provide effective help to the patients which reject the medical intervention due to their insufficient ability to percept reality and information, make decisions what, in fact, leads to unfavorable consequences for them.