Changes in the composition of complex proteins in subcellular fractions of syncytiotrophoblast in placental insufficiency

Relevance. Regulatory processes in the placenta, controlled by the metabolism of its proteins, play an important role in ensuring the normal course of pregnancy and fetal development. Violations of these processes can lead to failure of the placenta, which occupies a leading place among complications of gestation. The aim of study: to study the composition of complex proteins in the subcellular fractions of placental syncytiotrophoblast in placental insufficiency (PI). Material and methods. The material of the study was the placental tissue, the subcellular fractions of syncytiotrophoblast of which were obtained by differential ultracentrifugation in a sucrose gradient. Proteins were separated by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Quantification of glyco-, lipo- and nucleoproteins was carried out densitometrically after their specific staining. Results. Disruption of the production of these proteins in PI was established, depending on their nature and the nature of the cell fraction. Most of all proteins are characterized not only by a decrease in the level, but also by redistribution in zones with different molecular weights, as well as a modification of electrophoretic mobility. Along with differences in the composition and properties of apoproteins, disorders also affect non-protein components that are part of complex proteins: nucleic acids, phospholipids, oligosaccharide structures of glycoproteins. These changes are reflected in the regulatory functions of complex proteins in the placenta. Conclusion. The revealed damages are obviously important links in the chain of molecular-cellular disorders, accompanied by the development of PI.

placenta, complex proteins, subcellular fractions, placental insufficiency