The concentration of glucose, zinc cations, and indicators of oxidative status in saliva as non-invasive markers of type 2 diabetes mellitus

Relevance. One of the acute problems of biomedicine at present is type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM2), the prevalence of which is constantly growing in the Russian Federation and other countries. One of the key pathogenetic factors of this pathology is oxidative stress, which plays a central role in the development of diabetes complications. The need for regular monitoring of the course of DM2 makes it urgent to search for new objects for non-invasive assessment of glycemia and additional parameters that can reflect the severity of the pathological process. A number of studies on the analysis of the relationship between the biochemical composition of saliva and blood plasma determine the expediency of using saliva as an object for assessing the level of glycemia and the state of redox homeostasis. In the course of this work, we studied the correlations between indicators of the oxidative status, the content of zinc ions in saliva, and the level of glucose in the blood serum of patients with DM2. Material and methods. The study included 80 people, the experimental group consisted of DM2 patients divided into 2 subgroups: 20 men (age 62.60±1.92 years) and 20 women (62.85±2.78). The control group included 2 subgroups: 20 apparently healthy men (41.05±3.54) and 20 women (43.35±3.18). Mixed saliva was collected in the morning on an empty stomach. The concentration of glucose, diene conjugates, zinc cations, superoxide dismutase and catalase activity were determined in saliva. Analysis of the oxidative status was also carried out on the basis of biochemiluminescence parameters. Results. The results of the study showed that the saliva of patients with DM2 is characterized by reduced activity of antioxidant enzymes and the concentration of zinc cations, as well as increased levels of oxidative stress. Positive correlations were established between the parameters of blood serum glycemia and indicators of the redox status of saliva, both in healthy participants and in sick donors. Conclusion. The data obtained indicate that saliva can be used as a biomaterial for diagnosing T2DM and monitoring the effectiveness of treatment for this disease.