Ecological and hygienic assessment of quality flower of tanacetum vulgare agro- and urbanbiocenoses of the Voronezh region

An important and little-researched aspect of the effect of human economic activity on medicinal plants is that in response to an increase in anthropogenic load, additional synthesis of secondary metabolites, especially flavonoids, is induced, which play an important role in adapting plants to changing conditions. The purpose of the study was to study the accumulation of flavonoids and phenol carboxylic acids in the flowers of Tanacetum vulgare, collected in various agricultural and urbobiogeocenoses of the Voronezh region from the point of view of anthropogenic impact. As part of the study, 51 samples of Tanacetum vulgare flowers determined the content of heavy metals and arsenic and the sum of flavonoids and phenol carboxylic acids in terms of luteolin. By comparing the data on the content of heavy metals in the upper soil layers of the region and the content of these elements in the flowers of Tanacetum vulgare, it can be argued that there are significant physiological barriers that prevent the accumulation of ecotoxicants in the generative organs of the plant, which is especially noticeable for elements such as lead, mercury, arsenic, cadmium, cobalt and chromium. It turned out that ordinary pyjma is able to selectively concentrate copper and zinc. It was revealed that in the flowers of Tanacetum vulgare collected in agrobiogeocenoses and urbocenoses, the content of flavonoids and phenolcarboxylic acids is higher than in samples from protected areas, which is explained by the fact that the key enzyme for the synthesis of flavonoids – phenylalaninammiacliase – has a pronounced stress inducibility. Under conditions of excessive toxic influence of pollutants, it is also possible to suppress the antioxidant system of plants.