Influence of cultivation conditions on the growth and accumulation of biologically active substances of Hyssopus officinalis L. under in vitro conditions

Introduction. Since ancient times, aromatic plants have been widely used to treat diseases of various natures due to the content of valuable metabolites and essential oils (EOs). In modern medicine, cosmetology and the food industry, the importance of aromatic plants is also not in doubt; the chemical composition, accumulation features, synthesis and properties of EO are being actively studied. With the development of clonal micropropagation technology, it has become relevant to study the accumulation of biologically active substances in aseptic in vitro culture (microclones and cell cultures) under various propagation protocols.

Material and methods. Hyssop (Hyssopus officinalis L.) is a common aromatic plant from the family Lamiaceae Martinov. The aerial parts and EO of the plant have a wide range of biological activities - anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial, etc., which determines the use of plant biomass and extracts in food and light industries, medicine, and pharmacology. In this work, the influence of the mineral and hormonal composition of nutrient media on the growth of aseptic plants of two cultivars of Hyssopus officinalis – Lekar and Iney – was studied.

Results and conclusion. A comparison was also made of the accumulation of the total flavonoids in an aseptic culture depending on the cultivation mode - the degree of aeration of the culture vessel and the addition of cytokinin or auxin components to the nutrient medium. It was found that the leaves of aseptic plants of Hyssopus officinalis accumulate more flavonoids (up to 3.6 mg/g fresh weight) than the stems (0.3–1.1 mg/g fresh weight for most experimental variants), in addition, the cv. Lekar was significantly richer in compounds of this group (2.7–3.6 mg/g fresh weight in leaves) compared to the cv. Iney (no more than 1.5 mg/g fresh weight in leaves).