Vol 23, No 10 (2020)

Adaptation of the human body to the changing factors of the internal and external environment is impossible without the normal regulation of the activity of organs and systems. Neuropeptides - biologically active compounds, the synthesis of which occurs mainly in the cells of the central nervous system, play a decisive role in the mechanisms of memory, learning, sleep, regulate metabolic processes, maintain homeostasis. These compounds are used as drugs - neuroprotective agents for neurodegeneration. The analysis of domestic and foreign literature containing information on the current state and development prospects of neuropepti-domics, focused on the study of the spectrum of brain peptides in normal and pathological conditions. Neuropeptides are regulators of the functional activity of central nervous system cells in normal and pathological conditions, actively participating in the pathogenesis of developmental disorders, ischemic and traumatic brain damage, and chronic neurodegeneration. The authors consider the possibility of using modifications of various analytical methods (chromatographic, mass spectrometric and chromato-mass spectrometric) and their combinations in biomedical research and in the search for biomarkers. Peptidomics provides information on low-mass proteins and products of proteolytic degradation of proteins. Neuropeptides have selective permeability through the blood-brain barrier, therefore, a complex of peptides can serve as an indicator of pathological processes and can be used as markers of the early stages of the disease or mediators of pathological processes. Of the many sensitive and specific methods for studying neuropeptides, mass spectrometry is becoming the leading technology in peptidomics. This platform is ideal for analysis of drug metabolism, therapeutic monitoring of drugs, proteomics, metabolomics, analysis of environmental objects, food products, toxicology and clinical applications. Thus, one of the most important applied goals of neuropeptidomics is the laboratory diagnosis of new biomarkers with ultra-sensitivity, high specificity and prognostic value for creating new diagnostic algorithms and for assessing the risk of developing a disease in the context of preventive personalized medicine.

The development of purulent-septic complications in cancer patients after surgery complicates the course of the postoperative period. One of the ways to solve the problem is to search for markers that make it possible to diagnose as early as possible, evaluate treatment and predict the outcome of infectious complications. Preliminary studies have shown abnormalities in the detoxification function of serum albumin in cancer patients as a prognostic marker of the occurrence of purulent-septic complications in the postoperative period. In addition, purulent-septic complications are one of the most frequent causes of disorders in the hemostatic system, from isolated thrombocytopenia to acute disseminated intravascular coagulation, which complicate the course of the postoperative period. The aim of this work is to assess the diagnostic significance of indicators of the functional activity of albumin, biomarkers of sepsis and the state of the hemostasis system in cancer patients with purulent-septic complications. The studies have shown that the indicator of the detoxification efficiency of serum albumin, determined already on the first day of the development of septic complications and in dynamics within 20 days after the operation, is a laboratory indicator of the prognosis of the course of these complications in cancer patients. In cancer patients, a significant increase in presepsin (an early marker of sepsis) is observed already from the first day of the development of purulent-septic complications (up to 1986 pg/m) and after 1-2 days procalcitonin rises (up to 112 ng/ml). A significant activation of blood coagulation and the development of various forms of DIC syndrome with the consumption of natural thrombin inhibitors, fibrinolysis components and platelets must be taken into account in the complex therapy of septic conditions. The results of evaluating the effectiveness of the detoxification activity of albumin, the level of presepsin and procalcitonin, the assessment of the intensity of intravascular blood coagulation can be used to accompany cancer patients during surgical treatment and timely detection of purulent-septic complications, which significantly aggravate the course of the postoperative period, lengthen the time of hospital stay and increase the cost of treatment.

The Raman effect predicted in 1918 and experimentally confirmed in 1928 represents the ability of molecules to inelastic scattering of monochromatic light. Raman rays obtained after contact with the substance are separated by a light filter from the Rayleigh rays and their frequencies are recorded to collect spectral information about the sample. Based on this principle, Raman spectroscopy is an expressive non-destructive and universal analysis method for identifying objects in biology, medicine, pharmacy, forensic science, gemology, food industry, etc. The active introduction into the pharmaceutical production system of the system of process-analytical technologies (PAT) as a tool for compliance with GMP standards requires the development of analysis methods that allow you to quickly and fully control the quality of products at all stages of the production process. One of analytical methods that can successfully solve the problems of the modern pharmaceutical industry is Raman spectroscopy. In contrast to the methods of pharmaceutical analysis, the key advantages of Raman spectroscopy are the absence of sample preparation and small amounts of the research object, the possibility of obtaining information from the far IR region. It is compensated for during long-term continuous use due to the consumption of reagents, such as, for example, organic solvents. The method allows one to establish the quality of pharmaceutical substances, both chemical and biological, to assess their purity and to determine the quantitative content of the target component. In addition, Raman spectroscopy combined with modern mathematical data methods makes possible to establish the completion moment of process run in closed reactors, as well as to promptly signal deviations in them. The article presents the results of a review of literature data reflecting the capabilities of Raman spectroscopy (Raman spectroscopy) for quality control of drugs and agents in process analysis technology (PAT).

Background. The basis of the clinical effect of any reparant is determined by the biochemical mechanisms underlying its stimulating effect. Matrix metalloproteinases and tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinases play a central role in the metabolism of connective tissue proteins, in the processes of normal development and remodeling of the cellular matrix, embryogenesis, tissue repair, and neoangi-ogenesis. Thus the study of the pro-regenerative properties of the new derivative of N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoic acid, carried out in parallel with the determination of the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors, is an actual task for the pathogenetic substantiation of the use of this substance for the treatment of thermal skin burns. Aim. To study in an experiment on rats the effectiveness of application the new derivative of N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoic acid in the healing of skin burn wounds, to evaluate the dynamics of the activity of matrix metalloproteinases and their tissue inhibitors in the blood and regenerating tissues at the stages of the wound process. Material and methods. Evaluation of the reparative properties of the new derivative of N-acetyl-6-aminohexanoic acid, applying topically in the form of 2% polyethylene glycol-based ointment, was carried out on white rats in which a thermal skin burn was simulated. Polyethylene glycol was used as a reference drug. The burn regeneration was monitored by a planimetric method according to reduction the area of the wound defect. The levels of type 9 metalloproteinase and type 1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases were determined in blood serum samples and homogenates of regenerating animal tissues by enzyme immunoassay. Results. Planimetric monitoring showed a rapid reduction of the defects areas in animals and their complete scarring 2 days earlier than at usage polyethylene glycol. The dynamics of the concentrations of type 9 metalloproteinase and type 1 tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases was expressed in a significant decrease in their ratio, hence weakening of proteolysis processes while continuing the processes of remodeling of regenerating tissues. Conclusions. The pro-regenerative properties of the investigated substance were manifested in a significant acceleration of the healing of experimental thermal burns of the skin and the normalization of proteolytic activity and free radical processes in the body.