Vol 26, No 1 (2023)

Oxidative stress plays one of the leading roles in the pathogenesis of varicocele, which affects the quantity and quality of seminal fluid. The research of ejaculate are currently based mainly on chemical-microscopic methods. Biochemical parameters of sperm are determined in insufficient volume, therefore, the introduction of new biochemical markers in order to diagnose a decrease in male fertility is an urgent issue. Oxidatively modified proteins can be considered as a marker of decreased fertility in men with varicocele.

The aim of the work was to research the carbonylation of spermоplasm proteins in patients with varicocele II and III degrees with accompanying asthenozoospermia in the anamnesis.

Material and methods. The study shows results of 60 men medical examination. The patients weredivided into two groups. The first group consisted of 30 men diagnosed with grade II and III varicocele with accompanying asthenozoospermia. The second group consisted of 30 patients with normozoospermia and without impaired reproductive function. The material for the study was spermoplasm. Spermoplasm was obtained by centrifugation of sperm samples for 10 minutes at a speed of 1000 rpm. Chemical microscopic examination of the ejaculate was carried out on a sperm analyzer (AFS-500-2, Russia) and light microscopy (microscope MS 100 X, Austria). Determination of protein concentration in spermoplasm was carried out by biuretic method with commercial kits of the company (Mindrey, China) on the biochemical analyzer Mindrey BS 120 (China). Determination of oxidative modification of proteins in spermoplasm was carried out by the method of R.L. Levine in modification by E.E. Dubinina.

Results. There was a 2-fold increase in ADNPhG at λ 356, and λ 430 by 3.2 times in patients of the first group. It was also noted that the increase in КDNPhG at λ 370 increased by 2 times, and λ 530 by 3.9 times in the spermoplasm, in contrast to patients of the control group. It was also noted that the increase in KDNPhG at λ 370 increased by 2 times, and λ 530 by 3.9 times in the spermoplasm, in contrast to patients in the control group.

Conclusion. An increase in oxidatively modified proteins in patients with varicocele may be associated with an increase in oxidative processes, a decrease in the antioxidant defense of the body and damage to the DNA of spermatozoa, which leads to a violation of its functions.

In recent years, folate receptors have been considered as a target for radiopharmaceutical drugs. For this purpose, new, previously unexplored compounds based on folic acid were synthesized.

Objective. Study of the accumulation of gallium-68-labeled folic acid conjugates in various etiologies inflammation foci.

Material and methods. The objects of the research were folic acid derivatives labeled with gallium-68. Systemic juvenile idiopathic arthritis was chosen as a pathology model. Acute inflammatory processes of soft tissues of septic and aseptic etiology were selected as differential models.

Results. The results obtained in the study showed a significantly elevated level of accumulation in the juvenile idiopathic arthritis focus compared to healthy rat paws and accumulation in the foci of differential models of the inflammatory process, which confirms the macrophage-mediated pathway of accumulation of the studied compounds.

Conclusion. The data obtained allow us to conclude about the diagnostic potential of radiolabeled conjugates based on folic acid in the radionuclide diagnosis of rheumatoid and other diseases characterized by a pronounced macrophage immune response.

Lactate dehydrogenase have a key role in providing energy to cells under physiological and hypoxic conditions. Changes in the activity of the enzyme can be facilitated by nitric oxide (II), regulating the expression of individual fractions of lactate dehydrogenase.

Aim. To study changes in the isoenzyme spectrum of rat epididymis lactate dehydrogenase under conditions of hypoxia and modulation of nitric oxide (II) synthesis.

Material and methods. Male rats (32) were divided into 4 groups (n=8): 1) chronic normobaric hypoxia; 2) control to group 1; 3) hypoxia together with modeling of nitric oxide deficiency; 4) hypoxia against the background of induction of NO synthesis. The mitochondrial fraction and non-mitochondrial cytoplasm of the head and tail of the epididymis were isolated for laboratory research. The zymogram was obtained by electrophoresis in 7% gel followed by detection by the precipitation reaction of the reduction of nitro blue tetrazolium. The overall activity of lactate dehydrogenase was assessed and the percentage of isoenzyme fractions was calculated. Fractions 1 and X of lactate dehydrogenase were analyzed, the results were considered statistically significant if p<0.05 when comparing two independent samples, and p<0.0167 when comparing three independent samples.

Results. Chronic normobaric hypoxia leads to a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase activity compared to the control group. At the same time, the share of the X-fraction of the enzyme and lactate dehydrogenase 1 increases. Modulation of nitric oxide (II) deficiency against the background of hypoxia increased the activity of the enzyme in the head of the epididymis, where a decrease in the studied fractions of lactate dehydrogenase was observed compared to the group of animals subjected only to hypoxia. Stimulation of the synthesis of nitric oxide (II) during hypoxia led to a decrease in the X-fraction, but an increase in the 1st fraction of lactate dehydrogenase in the head of the epididymis, in the tail of the epididymis, opposite changes were observed.

Conclusion. Hypoxia causes a change in the ratio of lactate dehydrogenase isoenzymes towards an increase in lactate dehydrogenase B and lactate dehydrogenase X, while a deficiency of nitric oxide (II) contributes to a decrease in lactate dehydrogenase X synthesis.

Plants of the genus Artemisia L. contain a complex of biologically active substances, the main of which are essential oils, flavonoids, sesquiterpene lactones, bitterness, and therefore are promising for use in medical practice.

The purpose of the work is a comparative characteristic of the chemical composition of the essential oil of Artemisia gmelinii Web. ex Stechm.

Material and methods. Samples for analysis - the aerial part of plants Artemisia gmelinii – were collected in the phase of budding and flowering, in the vicinity of the village. Sotnikovo, Ivolginsky district of the Republic of Buryatia in 2014 and in the vicinity of Ulan-Ude (Oreshkovo village) in 2020. The essential oil was obtained by hydrodistillation. The analysis of the components of essential oils was carried out by chromato-mass spectrometry on an Agilent Packard 6890N gas chromatograph with a quadrupole mass spectrometer (HPMSD 5973).

Results. The yield of essential oil from the aerial part of Artemisia gmelinii was from 1.0 to 1.2% in the budding phase, from 0.5 to 1.0% in the flowering phase, light yellow with a characteristic odor. From 34 to 83 components were found in the essential oil. Of these, the main components of the essential oil were identified from 80.57 to 94.44%. The remaining components of the essential oil are minor, their content is less than 1%. The main components of the essential oil are monoterpenoids – 1.8 cineole (up to 29.04%), camphor (up to 33.91%) and borneol (up to 24.60%), as well as sesquiterpenoids – spatulenol (up to 1.38%) and caryophyllene oxide (up to 1.39%).

Conclusion. A comparative analysis of published and original data showed that the set of dominant components remains unchanged, regardless of the region of growth and the phase of plant development.

External soft dosage forms with a penetrating effect of different efficacy have proved promising in the treatment of inflammatory diseases. Moreover, there are few such medicines on the modern pharmaceutical market, and replenishment of their assortment is relevant.

Objective. The purpose of these studies is to develop external soft dosage forms for various purposes using penetrators, their technological features and analysis.

Material and methods. The work used: purified micronized flavonoid fraction (diosmin+flavonoids in terms of hesperidin), which has a phleboprotective effect; Tizol – aquacomplex of titanium glycerosolvate is a metal complex compound with anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial action; L-arginine is an essential amino acid, a nitrogen donor; auxiliary substances: Polyethylene Oxide 400, Polyethylene Oxide 1500, Propylene Glycol-1,2. The studies were carried out using spectrophotometric determination, biopharmaceutical determination of a penetrator in a dental gel.

Results. Optimal compositions of ointment and gel were developed, a general technological scheme of production was designed. Based on the analysis of the technological scheme, we recorded the critical stages of the process common to both objects. As for the methods for the quantitative analysis of ointment with a flavonoid complex, they are validated. Studies on the microbiological purity of dental gel allowed us to make an unambiguous conclusion about the sterility of the gel. This, in turn, ensures the effectiveness of therapy with such a drug, due to the absence of side microbiological contamination during use, as well as the absence of the risk of concomitant diseases.

Conclusion. As a result of the conducted research, compositions of external soft dosage forms of phleboprotective and dental profile containing penetrating components were developed.

Aim of the research – determination of anatomical and diagnostic features and main quality indicators of Haplophyllum dauricum of Buryatian flora.

Material and methods. The objects of the study were the herb and roots of Haplophyllum dauricum, growing within the Dzhidinsky district of the Republic of Buryatia. They were collected during the fruiting period (July 2020). The determination of anatomical and diagnostic features and quality indicators were carried out in accordance with the methods described in the State Pharmacopoeia of the XIV Edition. Micropreparations were taken on an optical microscope with an imaging system «μ-Vizor».

Results. Diagnostic features in the microscopic structure of the leaf blade, stem, petal and root were determined. It was revealed that 70% ethanol was the most optimal extraction solvent for both aerial and underground parts of the plant, where it showed the highest yield of extractives. The norms of quality indicators (humidity; total ash; ash insoluble in hydrochloric acid; extractive substances extracted by different solvents: purified water, 70% ethanol) for Haplophyllum dauricum herb and roots were established.

Conclusion. The main anatomical and diagnostic features and quality indicators of the aerial and underground parts of Haplophyllum dauricum, as a source of lignans with antitumor activity, were determined.