Features of accumulation of biologically active substances by leaves of the large plantain growing in various urban and agrobiocenoses of Voronezh region

Relevance. An important and little-researched aspect of the effect of human economic activity on medicinal plants is that in response to an increase in anthropogenic load, additional synthesis of secondary metabolites is induced with different intensities. The purpose of the study was to study the accumulation of biologically active substances in the leaves of the large plantain, collected in various agricultural and urbobiogeocenoses of the Voronezh region from the point of view of anthropogenic impact. Material and methods. In the framework of the study, 51 samples of plantain leaves of a large scale determined the content of polysaccharides and extractive substances extracted by 70% alcohol. Results. All samples meet the existing reguirements of regulatory documentation on the content of determined groups of biologically active substances. The lowest content of polysaccharides was noted for samples collected under high-voltage power lines, near the industrial enterprises of Minudobrenia 0JSC, along and at a distance of 100 m from the A144 route in the Anninsky district, along and at a distance of 200 m from the M4 highway in the Ramonsky district. The decrease in the content of this group of biologically active substances can be associated with the suppression of biosynthetic processes in the plant as a result of significant anthropogenic effects. At the same time, leaves of a large plantain with a high polysaccharide content (more than 20%) were harvested in a number of urboce-noses - in Ostrogozhsk, Elan-Koleno, at a distance of more than 100 m from a non-fast highway, at a distance of 300 m from the railway, where, probably, human economic activity has less impact on the habitat of the producing plant. In a number of urbanized areas, large plantain leaves were selected with a content of extractive substances extracted by 70% alcohol exceeding their concentration in samples of protected areas, which can be associated with induction of synthesis in conditions of habitat contamination stressful for the plant as a result of anthropogenic effects of biologically active compounds extracted by 70% alcohol. In this case, we are probably talking about stimulating the biosynthesis of polyphenol compounds (flavonoids, etc.), which are key secondary metabolites that have membrane-stabilizing effects under conditions of oxidative stress.

Voronezh region, large plantain, polysaccharides, extractive substances