Cerebroprotective effect of sophoricoside substance in cerebral ischemia in rats and evaluation of its antioxidant activity in vitro

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Abstract

Introduction. The main principle of correction of ischemic conditions of the brain is to provide antioxidant protection of neural structures through the use of antioxidants in complex pathophysiological therapy. In the research and development of such products, much attention has recently been paid to medicinal plants as sources of safe antioxidant agents, mainly from the class of flavonoids.

The purpose of the work. Determination of the cerebroprotective activity of the amount of the substance of sophoricoside (SSPH), isolated from Styphnolobium japonicum fruits to assess the prospects for its use in ischemic brain disorders.

Material and methods. The experiments were performed on mature male Wistar rats. The animals were divided into four groups. Group 1 (control) included rats with cerebral ischemia who received purified water (without treatment); groups 2, 3, and 4 included animals who received SSPH per os once for 7 days before the experiment at doses of 20, 40, and 80 mg/kg, respectively. Cerebral ischemia was reproduced by occlusion of both common carotid arteries. The cerebroprotective activity of SSPH was assessed according to the standard scale of neurological deficit.

Results. In the control group, the neurological deficit was 9,2 points, and the survival rate was 20%. With preventive course administration to rats of groups 2, 3 and 4 of the studied substance at doses of 20, 40 and 80 mg/kg, the indicators of neurological deficit were lower compared to the control by 13–22%, and the survival rate was 50, 50 and 62.5%, respectively.  In in vitro tests, SSPH inhibited DPPH●– and OH●– radicals, with 50% inhibition rates of IC50=1,15±0,25 mg/ml and IC50=301,1±15,0 mcg/ml, respectively. SSPH in concentrations of 0,1–100 micrograms/ml showed membrane-stabilizing activity in the model of peroxide/osmotic hemolysis: the indicators were 3-7%, against 100% hemolysis in the control.

The content of the main substance in the test substance was 90.2%. By HPLC-UV-MS, impurities of other flavonoids were identified in the SSPH composition: kaempferol-rhamnoglucoside, kaempferol-glucoramnoglucoside, kaempferol-diglucoside, rutin, ginestin, genistein-glucoramnoside, genistein.

Conclusions. The cerebroprotective effect of SSPH has been established. The cerebroprotective effect of SSPH has been established.  The mechanism of action of the substance under study is presumably based on the antioxidant and antiradical activity of sophoricoside, as its main component, as well as concomitant flavonoids.

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About the authors

S. M. Gulyaev

Institute of General and Experimental Biology of the Siberian Branch of the Russian Academy of Sciences

Author for correspondence.
Email: s-gulyaev@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8412-5799
SPIN-code: 5084-6499

Ph.D. (Med.), Senior Research Scientist, Laboratory of Experimental Pharmacology

Russian Federation, 6 Sakhyanova str., Ulan-Ude, 670047

O. L. Saybel

All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Email: saybel@vilarnii.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-8059-5064
SPIN-code: 2842-4587

Dr.Sc. (Pharm.), Head of Center for Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology

Russian Federation, 7 Grina str., Moscow, 117216

A. I. Radimich

All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Email: vilarnii.radimich@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-1139-8902
SPIN-code: 5452-2675

Senior Research Scientist, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Center of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology

Russian Federation, 7 Grina str., Moscow, 117216

V. N. Dul

All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Email: dvnslava@yandex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-7824-4417
SPIN-code: 8192-5803

Ph.D. (Pharm.), Leading Research Scientist, Testing Center, Center of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology

Russian Federation, 7 Grina str., Moscow, 117216

T. D. Dargaeva

All-Russian Scientific Research Institute of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants

Email: dargaevatd@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0722-9479
SPIN-code: 1621-1902

Dr.Sc. (Pharm.), Professor, Chief Researcher, Department of Chemistry of Natural Compounds, Center of Chemistry and Pharmaceutical Technology

Russian Federation, 7 Grina str., Moscow, 117216

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2. Fig. 1. HPLC-UV chromatogram of SFR: kaempferol-rhamnoglucoside (1), kaempferol-glucoramnoglucoside (2), kaempferol-diglucoside (3), rutin (4), genistin (5), genistein-glucoramnoside (6), sophoricoside (7), genistein (8)

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