Modern methods of detection and identification of microbial toxins that inhibit protein synthesis in cells

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Abstract

Pathogenic microorganisms and products of their metabolism, namely, bacterial protein exotoxins, are considered one of the main sources of biological threat. Microbial toxins are highly active and extremely dangerous to humans. Determining trace amounts of such compounds remains relevant in healthcare and biological protection sector. Timely qualitative- and quantitative-specific indication of biotoxins is a key component in the diagnosis and implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures. Pathogenic microorganisms and products of their metabolism, bacterial protein exotoxins, are considered one of the main sources of biological threat. Microbial toxins are highly active and extremely dangerous to humans. Determining trace amounts of such compounds remains relevant in healthcare and biological protection sector. Timely qualitative- and quantitative-specific indication of biotoxins is a key component in the diagnosis and implementation of therapeutic and preventive measures. The current state and prospects of development in formulating specific indications of microbial toxins that disrupt protein synthesis in cells are analyzed. Modern ideas about the structure and mechanism of action of these toxins are briefly presented. Possibilities were considered, the advantages and disadvantages of classical traditional and modern innovative methods for identifying bacterial toxins that inhibit protein synthesis in cells were compared, and classifications were provided. Examples of the use of various approaches to identify the most significant representatives of this group in both clinical material and in environmental objects, including regulated ones, were given. The review also listed modern domestic and foreign developments in formulating specific indications of microbial toxins inhibiting protein synthesis. The review summarizes the results of studies to determine the current directions in the development of tools and methods for rapid specific indication of microbial toxins. The main trends in the creation of new methods of toxicological screening as part of an effective national system for monitoring biological threats were analyzed. Prospects for the development and introduction to the market of domestic test systems and automatic analysis platforms for the detection of bacterial toxins in environmental objects and biological material were determined.

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About the authors

Olga A. Miteva

State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Author for correspondence.
Email: letto2004@inbox.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-3874-6954
SPIN-code: 2070-7250
Scopus Author ID: 55195685300

applicant for an academic degree

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Nadezhda S. Yudina

State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: www.gniii_2@mil.ru
SPIN-code: 1915-2194

applicant for an academic degree

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Vadim A. Myasnikov

State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: www.gniii_2@mil.ru
SPIN-code: 5084-2723

candidate of medical sciences

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Alexander V. Stepanov

State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: www.gniii_2@mil.ru
SPIN-code: 7279-7055

doctor of medical sciences, professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Sergey V. Chepur

State Research and Testing Institute of Military Medicine of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation

Email: www.gniii_2@mil.ru
SPIN-code: 3828-6730

doctor of medical sciences, professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

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Copyright (c) 2022 Miteva O.A., Yudina N.S., Myasnikov V.A., Stepanov A.V., Chepur S.V.

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