Graduate of the Imperial Military Medical Academy professor A.A. Maximov: St. Petersburg addresses (to the 150th anniversary of the birth)

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Abstract

The key milestones in the life and main scientific achievements of the famous Russian histologist Alexander A. Maksimov (January 22, 1874–December 3, 1928), a graduate and gold medalist of the Imperial Military Medical Academy, who headed its Histology Department with a course of embryology for 20 years, were studied (1903–1922). A.A. Maximov was born in St. Petersburg into a merchant family and spent his childhood years in Vasilyevsky Island. Some buildings where the A.A. Maximov family lived have survived to this day. A.A. Maximov had three older sisters: Vera, Evgenia, and Claudia. The gymnasium in which A.A. Maximov also studied in Vasilyevsky Island. The director of the educational institution (one of the best in St. Petersburg) was the famous teacher–organizer Karl I. May. The archives preserve information about the progress of Maximov’s essay, which testifies to his excellent studies. Maximov graduated with a gold medal. One of his classmates at the Imperial Military Medical Academy was Vladimir A. Oppel, who later became a famous surgeon. He left interesting memories of Maximov during the years of joint study at Imperial Military Medical Academy. While in exile, Maximov constantly remembered his homeland, colleagues, and native places where he spent most of his life. His works remain relevant today. Emphasis is placed on the key scientific developments of A.A. Maximov — unitary theory of hematopoiesis, identifying the morphological basis of inflammatory reactions, and neoplasm of connective tissue in experiment. The results of a search for previously unpublished St. Petersburg addresses related to the life of A.A. Maximov are presented. Based on recently discovered archival documents, new information is provided that complements the biography of the outstanding Russian histologist who pioneered the study of stem cells.

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About the authors

Irina A. Odintsova

Kirov Military Medical Academy

Email: odintsova-irina@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0002-0143-7402
SPIN-code: 1523-8394

MD, Dr. Sci. (Med.), professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Svetlana E. Rusakova

Kirov Military Medical Academy

Author for correspondence.
Email: rusakova-svetik@mail.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9437-5230
SPIN-code: 5429-4630

MD, Cand. Sci. (Biol.), Associate Professor

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Vladislava A. Rusakova

Kirov Military Medical Academy

Email: rusakovalada@gmail.com
ORCID iD: 0009-0001-5050-4667
SPIN-code: 5965-2034

preparator

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

References

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  2. A reference book about persons who received merchant certificates and tickets for the 1st and 2nd guilds for the right to trade and fishery in 1875 during 1874 and January 1875. Saint Petersburg: Yu. Wiegand Printing House; 1875. 682 p.
  3. Reference book “On persons of the Saint Petersburg merchant class and other titles who received, during the period from November 1, 1885 to February 1, 1886, certificates and tickets for the 1st and 2nd guilds for the right to trade and crafts in Saint Petersburg in 1886. Saint Petersburg: Printing house N.A. Lebedeva; 1886. 745 p.
  4. Danilov RK, Gololobov VG, Deev RV. Alexander Aleksandrovich Maksimov - an outstanding Russian histologist (pages of life and scientific heritage). Bulletin of the Russian Military Medical Academy. 2001;2(6):54–60. (In Russ.)
  5. Deev RV. Development of scientific ideas of AA Maksimov in the works of Russian students. Questions of morphology of the XXI century: collection of scientific works. Saint Petersburg: DEAN; 2023. P. 26–34. (In Russ.)
  6. History of the Department of Histology with the course of embryology of the Military Medical Academy named after S.M. Kirov (1868–2018) / Odintsova IA, editor. Saint Petersburg: VMedA; 2018. P. 47–73.
  7. Nikitenko GYu, Sobol VD. Vasileostrovsky district: encyclopedia of streets of Saint Petersburg. Saint Petersburg: White and Black; 1999. 500 p. (In Russ.)
  8. Blagovo NV. School on Vasilyevsky Island: Historical chronicle. Part I. Gymnasium and real school of May in Saint Petersburg. 1856–1918. Saint Petersburg: Anatolia; 2013. 488 p. (In Russ.)
  9. K May gymnasium foundation. Central state historical archive of Saint Petersburg. F. 144. Op. 1. D. 4. P. 137–138. (In Russ.)
  10. K May gymnasium foundation. Central state historical archive of Saint Petersburg. F. 144. Op. 1. D. 7. P. 63, 64, 69, 71, 73–80. (In Russ.)
  11. K May gymnasium foundation. Central state historical archive of Saint Petersburg. F. 144. Op. 1. D. 8. P. 53. (In Russ.)
  12. K May Gymnasium Fund. Central state historical archive of Saint Petersburg. F. 144. Op. 1. D. 8. P. 54. (In Russ.)
  13. K May gymnasium foundation. Central state historical archive of Saint Petersburg. F. 144. Op. 1. D. 6. P. 380. (In Russ.)
  14. K May gymnasium foundation. Central state historical archive of Saint Petersburg. F. 144. Op. 1. D. 6. P. 427–428. (In Russ.)
  15. Oppel VA. My biography. Saint Petersburg: Publishing House SPbMAPO; 2002. P. 252–253. (In Russ.)
  16. Maksimov AA. On the issue of pathological regeneration of the seminal gland: experimental study [dissertation]. Saint Petersburg; 1898. 288 р. (In Russ.)
  17. Anichkov NM, Konstantinov IE. AA Maksimov: to the 100th anniversary of the unitary theory of hematopoiesis. Archives of Pathology. 2007;69(5):3–7. (In Russ.) EDN: ICBRZV
  18. Address book of the city of Saint Petersburg for 1899 / Yablonsky BY editor. Saint Petersburg; 1898. 1046 p. (In Russ.)
  19. All of Saint Petersburg for 1904. Address and reference book of Saint Petersburg. Saint Petersburg; 1904. 890 p. (In Russ.)
  20. All of Saint Petersburg for 1912. Address and reference book of Saint Petersburg. Saint Petersburg; 1912. P. 552–553. (In Russ.)
  21. Klishov AA. Scientific activity of Professor AA. Maksimov at the Military Medical Academy. Archives of Anatomy, Histology and Embryology. 1988;95(12):86–89. (In Russ.)
  22. Deev RV. Professor Alexander Aleksandrovich Maksimov: evolution of ideas. Genes and Cells. 2014;9(2):6–14. (In Russ.) EDN: TAFWBH
  23. Deev RV, Odintsova IA. Experimental histological analysis of connective tissue and blood (to the 140th anniversary of Professor A.A. Maksimov). Morphology. 2015;147(2):90–94. (In Russ.) EDN: TPULXL
  24. Rusakova SE, Odintsova IA, Slutskaya DR. Evolutionary-histological studies of Doctor of Medicine Vera Mikhailovna Danchakova. Genes and Cells. 2020;15(3):8–13. (In Russ.) EDN: VYOCTD

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. Professor Alexander Alexandrovich Maximov in the laboratory of the Department of Histology of the Imperial Military Medical Academy (early 20th century). (Photo from the historical archive of the Department of Histology with the course of embryology of the S.M. Kirov Military Medical Academy)

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3. Fig. 2. Gravestone on the place where Prof. Maximov is buried (рhoto from the historical archive of the Department of Histology with the course of Embryology of the Military Medical Academy)

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4. Fig. 3. The house where the family of merchant A.M. Maximov lived from 1878 to 1883 (St. Petersburg, first line of Vasilyevsky Island, 18). Photo by V.A. Rusakova, December 2023

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5. Fig. 4. Attestation sheet for the exam in physics (1888). The only excellent mark is from high school student A.A. Maksimov (fund of the K. May gymnasium. Central historical archive of St. Petersburg. F. 144. Op. 1. D. 8. P. 53)

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6. Fig. 5. Handwritten fragment of a school essay by A.A. Maksimov, “Proud Haggai” (K. May gymnasium fund. Central historical archive of Saint Petersburg. F. 144. Op. 1. D. 6. P. 380)

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7. Fig. 6. The apartment house of M.K. Makarov, where the gymnasium and the real school of K.I. May were located (St. Petersburg, 10th line of Vasilyevsky Island, house 13). Photo by V.A. Rusakova, December 2023

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8. Fig. 7. The news of the death of Professor A.A. Maximov (photo from the historical archive of the Department of Histology with the course of embryology of the Military Medical Academy)

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9. Fig. 8. Student V.A. Rusakova gives a report on Professor A.A. Maximov in the memorial historical office

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