Optics for Terahertz Applications

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Abstract

The article discusses the production features of the optical elements for application in the THz range devices and equipment, describes the properties and specifications of optical materials for its production, and provides the application examples. Special attention is paid to the elements used exclusively in the THz systems and devices.

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About the authors

Grigory I. Kropotov

TYDEX LLC

Author for correspondence.
Email: grigorykropotov@tydex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0001-9041-6701

Cand. of Sc. (Phys. & Math.), Senior Researcher, General Manager

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Dmitry A. Popov

TYDEX LLC

Email: dmitriypopov@tydex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0007-2427-2341

Cand. of Sc. (Phys. & Math.), Researcher

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Dmitry I. Tsypishka

TYDEX LLC

Email: AlexeyShakhmin@tydex.ru
ORCID iD: 0000-0003-1914-5245

Cand. of Sc. (Phys. & Math.), Associate Professor, Deputy General Manager

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

Alexey A. Shakhmin

TYDEX LLC

Email: AlexeyShakhmin@tydex.ru
ORCID iD: 0009-0003-9566-2823

Cand. of Sc. (Phys. & Math.), Leading Research Engineer

Russian Federation, Saint Petersburg

References

  1. Rogalin V. E., Kaplunov I. A., Kropotov G. I. Optical Materials for the THz Range. Opt. Spectrosc. 2018; 125 (6): 1053–1064. doi: 10.1134/S0030400X18120172.
  2. Voloshinov V. B., Nikitin P. A., Gerasimov V. V., Knyazev B. A., Choporova Yu. Yu. Deflection of a monochromatic THz beam by acousto-optic methods. Quantum Electron. 2013;43 (12): 1139–1142. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1070/QE2013v043n12ABEH015195.
  3. Korotaev V. V., Melnikov G. S., Mikheev S. V., Samkov V. M., Soldatov Yu. I. Fundamentals of thermal imaging. – SPb: ITMO. 2012; – 123 pp. (In Russ).
  4. URL: https://www.tydexoptics.com/ru/products/thz_optics/thz_materials/.
  5. URL: https://www.tydexoptics.com/ru/products/thz_optics/.
  6. Zaytsev K. I., Gavdush A. A., Karasik V. E., Yurchenko S. O., Lebedev S. P. The method for studying the spectral optical characteristics of a homogeneous medium using terahertz pulsed spectroscopy. Opt. Spectroscop. 2015; 118 (4): 582–593. doi: 10.7868/S0030403415040236.
  7. Chernomyrdin N. V., Shchadko A. O., Lebedev S. P., Spektor I. E., Tolstoguzov V. L. et al. Wide-Aperture Aspheric Optics for Formation of Subwavelength Caustics of a Terahertz Electromagnetic-Radiation Beam. Opt. & Spectroscop. 2018; 124 (3): 420–428. doi: 10.1134/S0030400X18030086.
  8. Pisano G., Austermann J., Beall J., Halverson N., Hubmayr J., Jaehnig G., McKenney C.M., Raymond B., Suzuki A. Development of Flat SiliconBased Mesh Lens Arrays for Millimeter and Submillimeter Wave Astronomy. Journal of Low Temperature Physics. 2020; 199: 923–934. doi: 10.1007/s10909-019-02327-y.
  9. Zatta R.; Jain R.; Grzyb J.; Pfeiffer U. R. et al. Resolution Limits of Hyper-Hemispherical Silicon Lens-Integrated THz Cameras Employing Geometrical Multiframe Super-Resolution Imaging. IEEE Transactions on Terahertz Science and Technology. 2021; 11(3): 277–286. doi: 10.1109/TTHZ.2021.3063839.

Supplementary files

Supplementary Files
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2. Fig. 1. Transmission and reflectance spectra of HRFZ-Si

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3. Fig. 2. Transmission spectra of the optical crystalline quartz (black) and fused quartz (red) plates with the thickness of 4 mm

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4. Fig. 3. Transmission of sapphire samples with the thickness from 1.0 to 4.3 mm

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5. Fig. 4. Transmission spectrum of a diamond plate with the thickness of 0.5 mm

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6. Fig. 5. Transmission spectra of n-GaAs, HRFZ-Si and n-Ge plates with the thickness of 5 mm

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7. Fig. 6. Transmission spectra of: a) TPX, polyethylene (HDPE and UHMWPE) and ZEONEX; b) COC, polypropylene (PP), Teflon (PTFE) and Picarin (Tsurupica)

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8. Fig. 7. Transmission spectrum of a crystalline quartz plate with a double-sided antireflective coating made of PPX (red) and without coating (black)

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9. Fig. 8. Photograph and sketches of some lenses made of HRFZ-Si: hypohemisphere, hyperhemisphere, hemisphere, “bullet” lens

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10. Fig. 9. Axicons made of high-resistance Si

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11. Fig. 10. Diagram of radiation focusing by an axicon

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12. Fig. 11. Photograph of a monochromatic Fresnel lens made of COC

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13. Fig. 12. Distribution graph of radiation intensity focused by a Fresnel lens (left) and a refractive lens (right)

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14. Fig. 13. Comparison of the amplitude spectra of the field focused by the lenses

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15. Fig. 14. THz aspherical f-theta lens

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16. Fig. 15. Dependence of the transverse coordinate of the THz radiation maximum at the focus of f-theta lens from the angle of deviation

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17. Fig. 16. Reflection of the THz mirror

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18. Fig. 17. Reflection and transmission spectra of the NIR-THz spectrum splitters

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19. Fig. 18. Reflection and transmission spectra of the IIR-THz spectrum splitters

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Copyright (c) 2025 Kropotov G.I., Popov D.A., Tsypishka D.I., Shakhmin A.A.