Vol 5, No 2 (2008)

The review analyses modern approaches to pathogenesis, diagnosis and therapy of chronic pain syndromes.

Sizes of left atrium and ventricle, indices of variability of heart rhythm, quality of life, and psychological status in elderly patient with chronic heart failure in early post myocardial infarction period were evaluated. 40 % of patients had psychological disorders such as anxiety and depression. As a result of these changes all patients demonstrated a reliable decrease in life quality, marked disorders of vegetative nervous system.

A questionnaire survey carried out on 46 neonatologists revealed their restrained negative attitude to management of newborns with extremely low body weight. To correct this view, it is vital to do more than equipping maternity hospitals or perinatal centers with specialized medical facilities to improve and maintain management of newborns, but also reinforce ethical and legal educational background of the neonatologists.

We examined the particularities of clinical and laboratory diagnostics of toxic hepatitis caused by poisoning with substitutes of alcohol in the city of Volgograd and the Volgograd region. We analyzed the course of toxic hepatitis depending on the kind of treatment. We revealed a tendency for a decrease of total bilirubin while using «Metadoxil» in the beginning of therapy compared with basic detoxic therapy only.

Results of this research show that in patients with cirrhosis of the liver less invasive operations for correction of ascites, adequate preoperative preparation including intravenous infusion of ascitic fluid, detoxication by electrochemical oxidation, differentiated approach to each patient and division of operations into stages have enabled us to transfer refractory ascites into transitional form in 11 (40.7 %) patients, and in 3 (11.1 %) cases to arrest the process completely.

A technique of immunoenzyme evaluation of antibodies (AB) to хanthine оxidase (XO) on the basis of immobilized magnetic sorbents, which may be used in clinical laboratories, was elaborated for the first time. AB to XO were revealed in sera of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) patients, their concentration correlated with the pathologic process activity. Evaluation of AB to XO may be used as complementary test in complex diagnostics in order to characterize the activity of pathologic process and clinical forms of RA.

The purpose of the study is to develop laboratory methods of diagnostics of diabetic angiopathy by measuring the level of serum glycosaminoglycanes (GAG) and antibodies to them in the blood of patients with diabetes mellitus. An increased level of serum GAG and of antibodies to them in patients with diabetes mellitus type 1 and 2 was determined in comparison with control group. The extent of laboratory changes depended on the severity of disease and vascular complications. Measurements of the level of serum glycosaminoglycanes (GAG) and antibodies to them can be used as markers of diabetic angiopathy.

Variable obstruction of the urinary tract was modeled in rats. Ultrastructural changes in the epithelium of the proximal renal tubules were revealed starting from the early stages of experiment. These changes included mostly the lesions of the brush border and mitochondria.

Polyamines (putrescine, spermidine, & spermine) are associated with an ongoing myocardial injury in the failing heart. The cardioprotective effect of (3-blockers during heart failure treatment is partly explained by polyamines metabolism modulation. Cardioselective p1-blocker nebivolol is shown to normalize the myocardial level of putrescine, spermidine & spermine, which are essentially disturbed in adriamycin-induced regenerative & plastic heart failure in rats.

The objective of the investigation was to study the significance of definition of the activity of oxidative-reductive enzymes of blood lymphocytes in pregnant women for prognosis of the newborn's condition in the first days of life. It was found that the activity of succinate-dehydrogenase (SDG) and alpha- glycerophosphate-dehydrogenase (α-GPhDG) in the mother prior to delivery and in the newborn after birth will have similar vectors of change. This fact can be useful for defining of a high risk group for perinatal complications, choice of an adequate delivery method and prescription of metabolic therapy justified both for mother and newborn

The paper substantiates the use of cost-minimization analysis based on cost of defined daily dose for cost-effective drug selection on the example of Ruazan region formular.

An economic estimation of efficiency utility in patients with acute coronary syndrome, who received coronary bypass in cardio-surgery department is presented. Carrying out coronary bypass in patients with acute coronary syndrome allows us to reduce the frequency of development of relapses of myocardial ischemia, acute myocardial infarction and lethal outcomes in hospital and in the remote terms, to reduce duration of hospital stay and the share of disabled patients. The latter aspect is important financially when the patient is observed for a prolonged time while costs are considerable at the moment of carrying out coronary bypass surgery.

In the paper we discuss the causes of development of heartburn. A clinical algorithm is developed for diagnostics of gastroesophageal reflux disease in general practice.