Vol 7, No 2 (2010)

The lecture deals with etiology, epidemiology, clinical manifestations, laboratory diagnosis, prophylaxis and treatment of hospital infections.

It is shown that long-standing type II diabetes mellitus leads to the reduced CYP2C9 capacity. There has been obtained strong evidence that long term administration of sulphonylurea derivatives reduces the CYP2 C9 capacity by significantly altering pharmacokinetics of the drugs. This requires a change in their dosing regimen . Mandatory pharmacokinetic typing of CYP2C9 activity should be recommended to improve the efficacy of pharmacotherapy for type II diabetes mellitus, to prevent the undesirable adverse reactions when taking the drugs and to reduce the treatment cost for this group of patients.

An increase in morbidity of newborns is observed over recent years. In most cases metabolic disorders, levocarnitin deficiency in particular as it is hardly produced in late neonatal period, underlie their pathogenesis. The structure of cardiovascular diseases in the neonatal period is dominated by an increase in the rate of consequences of perinatal hypoxic lesions of the myocardium in the form of transient ischemia. This study proposes modern approaches to diagnostics and treatment of transient myocardial ischemia in newborns, to estimation of the level of arterial p ressure in preterm newborns using the AMBP method.

Analysis of the low levels of biogenic amines and metabolites in tissue and biological fluids has necessitated the use of highly sensitive analytical techniques. W e describe a sensitive, simple and selective high-perfor mance liquidchromatographic method for measuring noradrenaline, dopamine, serotonin, 3,4-dihydroxyphenyl acetic acid, 5-hydroxyindolacetic acid in brain tissue of rats.

Immunoreactivity in patients with chronic prostatitis and prostate cancer was studied; possibility of applying blood leukocytic formula parameters for the purpose of revealing secondary immunodeficiency state are considered. The absence of reaction in the form of IgM level increase in patients with chronic prostatitis indicates the presence of immune deficiency in formation of antibacterial or antiviral antibodies, which can be the direct cause of chronization supporting the chronic inflammation process.

When pathological processes develop in the body, various changes in immune status arise. These chang es are manifested by impairment of the functional activity of individual units of the immune system, imbalance of antiinfectious humoral immunity. Some immunity indicators in patients with asymptomatic focal formations in the liver are studied. A complex estimation of cellular and humoral immunity with the analysis of subclasses of lymphocytes, major classes of immunoglobulins, circulating immune complexes, phagocytic level was carried out.

Investigation and treatment of 22 patients with atypical phlegmon of maxillofacial area was carried out. The immune status of patients was characterised by a high activity of the local immunity link and somewhat weak activation of general immunity. Development of postinfectious immune insufficiency primarily involving the phagocytic compartment of local immunity was the feature of immunity in torpid maxillofacial phlegmon. There is a correlation dependence of all links of the immune status parametres changes of the body.

An analysis of treatment of patients with phlegmons of soft tissue with visualised endoscopic hydropressive sanation and programmed drainage was carried out. An algorithm of managing patients taking into account the features of pathological process is proposed.

The aim of the present study is to assess the quality of life of premature infants with posthypoxiс lesion of the central nervous system. The study was conducted using the QUALIN questionnaire. It was found that in premature infants with post-cerebral ischemia the quality of life is lower than in their healthy peers.

The purpose of this study is to evaluate a new method of fistula excision by means of U-shaped ligature loop running on a needle along the sphincter fibers. 130 patients with extrasphincteric rectum fistulas were operated, 61,5 % of them with a fistula of 3-4 degree of complication. The method was worked out and applied to 38 patients. In comparison with a control group the number of recurrence was two times lower, and the treatment period was twice shortened in the absolute absence of insufficiency rectum sphincter.

The article presents information a study conducted in the Krasnodar region for determination of life quality of the invalids. The investigation was done using international methodology, which opens new possibilities for complex estimation of health and life quality of invalids.

This paper presents the results of microbiological analysis of vaginal ecosystem of 60 practically healthy women in their early reproductive age. It is established that the stability of vaginal ecosystem in conditions of the changed way of life of modern women is defined by not only simple quantitative prevalence of lactobacteria above other microorganisms, but also by their specific features providing an increased synthesis of protective factors despite poorly represented lactobacteria.

Trophic skin lesions of lower extremities in patients with chronic venous insufficiency is a serious surgical problem. The results of comparative investigations of 65 patients with venous trophic ulcers are showed. In conservative treatment and postoperative applications of dermal fibroblasts, culture of wound covering «Voskopran» was used. This method is efficacious and greatly promotes the healing of trophic ulcers.

Results of blood and urine cytokines (IL-1betta, 6, 8, the FNO-alpha, 4,10) study in 40 children with vesicoureteral reflux in perioperative period are described in this article. It is revealed that even in the latent phase of chronic obstructive pyelonephritis there are expressed changes of cytokines profile in urine. It is shown that a change in the level of proinflammatory IL 8 and 6 is of the greatest prognostic value, which has a strong positive correlation with severity of inflammatory process in urinary tracts. We assume that a study of urine cytokines profile provides a noninvasive method for estimation of the severity of inflammatory process in urinary tracts, efficiency of administered conservative therapy, as well as a correction in the terms of carrying out operative interventions, which is especially important in young children.

The paper presents new findings about morphological organization of functionally separate portions of the peritoneum under the impact of surgical stress caused by standard surgical trauma.

Brief information on diagnostics and treatment of the most common respiratory secondary diseases in HIV-infected patients is presented in the article. The diseases are pulmonary tuberculosis, bacterial pneumonia, viral herpetic pneumonia and pneumocystic pneumonia.