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No 19 (2009)
- Year: 2009
- Articles: 10
- URL: https://journals.eco-vector.com/2073-4034/issue/view/6667
Articles
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonia: peculiarities of clinical picture and treatment
Abstract
Idiopathic interstitial pneumonias (IIP) combine several diseases from the group of interstitial lung disease characterized by many similar signs: unknown etiology, progressive exertional breathlessness, diffuse lesions on the lung X-ray and CT, and restrictive ventilatory insufficiency. However, these diseases have a sufficient number of differences (primarily morphological; approach to therapy and prognosis), to consider each of the forms of IIP as separate nosological entity. Modern ATS/ERS classification includes seven forms of IIP, the most common of which are discussed in this article.
Pharmateca. 2009;(19):12-19
12-19
Use of azithromycin (Sumamed) in therapeutical practice
Abstract
We consider the antibiotic of macrolides - azithromycin (Sumamed) as one of the advanced drug for treatment of respiratory tract infections. Its advantage is a wide range of actions, including almost all the major pathogens of respiratory tract infections, including intracellular parasites. Azithromycin have activity against pneumococci, streptococci, Legionella, mycoplasma and chlamydia similar to other macrolides, but exceeds them by the activity against other pathogens of respiratory tract infections. Peculiarities of the azithromycin pharmacokinetics determine its advantages, in particular the prolonged half-life, so that the drug can be applied once a day by short courses - for 3-5 days. In numerous clinical studies high efficiency and good tolerance of azithromycin in comparison with other antibiotics were demonstrated, including in the treatment of respiratory tract infections in children, elderly patients.
Pharmateca. 2009;(19):20-24
20-24
HIV-protease inhibitor darunavir in the schemes of antiretroviral therapy of the first line
Abstract
The results of open-label, randomized comparative phase III trial (ARTEMIS) concerned with evaluation the possibility of use of HIV protease inhibitor Darunavir, "enhanced" by ritonavir (DRV/r) as a component of antiretroviral therapy (ART) of the first line in patients previously not receiving ART, are presented. After 96 weeks of therapy, the ART scheme with DRV/r was more effective than the ART scheme with lopinavir/ritonavir (LPV/r), since the proportion of patients with HIV RNA level below 50 copies/ml were 79 and 71% respectively. The use of DRV/r was more effective in patients with initially high viral load (more than 100 thousand copies/ml) or low number of CD4-lymphocytes (less than 200 cells/ml). ARTEMIS study demonstrated good tolerability of both schemes ART for 96 weeks of treatment. Due to the development of adverse events, treatment was discontinued only in 4% of patients receiving DRV/r, and in 9% of patients receiving LPV/r.
Pharmateca. 2009;(19):25-30
25-30
Current opportunities of antibiotic therapy in surgery: skin and soft tissue infections
Abstract
Surgical infections of skin and soft tissue (ISST) are severe pathology, which leads to complications resulting in persistent or substantial disability or incapacity, and high mortality in case of unfavorable disease course. The main nosological forms of ISST are abscess, phlegmon, mastitis, panaritium, furunculus, hidradenitis suppurativa, carbuncle, erysipelas, and others. Characteristics of modern causative microorganism of ISST are considered. We discuss approaches to the choice of antibiotics for the ISST treatment; it is noted that objectively only vancomycin and linezolid are available for the use in Russia.
Pharmateca. 2009;(19):31-35
31-35
Complex approach to the treatment of seasonal allergic condition
Abstract
The article is devoted to the principles of modern therapy of pollinosis and its manifestations such as allergic rhinitis, allergic conjunctivitis, atopic dermatitis, bronchial asthma. We discuss the pathogenetic mechanisms of the major groups of drugs - antihistamines, mast cell membrane stabilizers, topical glucocorticosteroids and allergen-specific immunotherapy. The presented methods for treatment of seasonal allergic condition are studied in numerous international and native studies, which have fully demonstrated their competence and solvency.
Pharmateca. 2009;(19):36-41
36-41
Bronchial asthma, Chlamydophila pneumoniae infection and macrolides: discussion is continuing
Abstract
We found the pathogenetic importance of infection caused by Chlamydophila pneumoniae (CP-infection) in the development of bronchial asthma (BA). Increase of knowledge about the involvement of C. pneumoniae in the pathogenesis of asthma has led to particular changes in approaches to the asthma treatment. We present evidence that macrolide antibiotics have a beneficial impact on the course of asthma. The results of the study, whose goal was evaluation of possibility of optimization the asthma control based on determination of chronic persistent CP infection influence on the natural history of disease and evaluation of effectiveness of prolonged treatment with azithromycin in 71 patients with asthma, are presented. It is found that identification of chronic persistent CP infection can serve as a marker of severity of asthma, along with the degree of bronchial obstruction and the frequency of daily symptoms. Treatment with azithromycin promoted significant respiratory function improvement in patients with confirmed CP infection and some improvement in control of asthma.
Pharmateca. 2009;(19):42-51
42-51
Current antibacterial therapy of patients with acute rhinosinusitis and exacerbation of chronic rhinosinusitis taking place at the background of bronchial asthma and/or chronic bronchitis
Abstract
The results of comparative clinical study which include 60 patients with acute maxillary sinusitis (48.4%) and chronic sinusitis exacerbation (51.5%) proceeding against the background of asthma or chronic bronchitis receiving a "nonparacentetic" therapy with levofloxacin 500 mg/daily, or the traditional "paracentetic" treatment with drainage catheter installation, are presented. It is shown that the use of appropriately selected integrated combined scheme of "nonparacentetic" therapy led to recovery or stable remission in 70% of patients, whereas therapeutic effect in the second group was much less pronounced. At the same time, "paracentetic" treatment was accompanied by the development of complications in many patients. The analysis of selected microflora in patients with maxillary sinusitis is presented.
Pharmateca. 2009;(19):52-54
52-54
Study of the state of microbiocenosis of the mouth cavity in inflammatory diseases of periodontum and evaluation of the possibility of its correction with the help of Stomatidine
Abstract
The clinical study involving 120 patients with dental disease showed multidirectional disturbances of microbiocenosis such as a reduction of the size and metabolic activity of indigenic microflora, increase of the activity of the aerobic flora, in particular, with proteolytic activity (in caries), and increase of the activity of facultative and anaerobic microorganisms in the residual inflammatory periodontal diseases. So, these factors led to quantitative and qualitative disturbances in composition of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) with isomers and other estimate indicators of the saliva. Changes in these parameters of SCFA were compounded by increase in the inflammatory process intensity and correlated with clinical indicators. Against the background of therapy with the drug Stomatidin we noted the positive changes in the microbiocenosis of oral cavity, reflected in increase of number and activity of obligate microflora, reduction of the activity of facultative and residual microorganisms.
Pharmateca. 2009;(19):56-63
56-63
Clinic and economic analysis of the management of patients with chronic obstructive lung disease
Abstract
The results of study of a typical practice and the calculation of direct costs for inpatient and outpatient treatment of patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) are presented. Based on these data, we indicated the main problems of treatment of COPD and represented economic evaluation of the cost of treatment of this disease. We establish the real cost of COPD treatment in the hospital and the outpatient phase, show close relationship of costs with structure of hospital costs, and significant predominance of hospital costs over outpatient costs. The results of study allow finding ways to the optimization of medical care in patients with COPD with a view to health resources economy.
Pharmateca. 2009;(19):64-68
64-68
Certain aspects of interaction between physician-internist and medical representative of pharmaceutical company: results of the survey
Abstract
The results of the survey of 432 general practitioners in Moscow and Moscow region in respect to their interaction with the medical representatives (MR) of pharmaceutical companies are presented. We present the data regarding the frequency of visits by MRs to the respondents, certain aspects of the general practitioners concern to the existing practice of relations with the MRs. It is noted that more than half of respondents consider it necessary to amend the existing practice of the MR in the medicoprophylactic institution.
Pharmateca. 2009;(19):69-71
69-71