No 1 (2014)

The proportion of older people in the general population is steadily increasing worldwide, with the most rapid growth in low- and middle-income countries [і]. This demographic change is to be celebrated, because it is the consequence of socioeconomic development and better life expectancy. However, population aging also has important implications for society - in diverse areas including health systems, labor markets, public policy, social programs, and family dynamics [2]. A successful response to the aging population will require capitalizing on the opportunities that this transition offers, as well as effectively addressing its challenges. Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is an important public health problem that is characterized by poor health outcomes and very high health care costs. CKd is a major risk multiplier in patients with diabetes, hypertension, heart disease and stroke - all of which are key causes of death and disability in older people [З]. Since the prevalence of CKD is higher in older people, the health impact of population aging will depend in part on how the kidney community responds. March із, 2014 will mark the celebration of the 9 th World Kidney Day (WKD), an annual event jointly sponsored by the International Society of Nephrology and the International Federation of Kidney Foundations. Since its inception in ZOOS, WKD has become the most successful effort to raise awareness among policymakers and the general public about the importance of kidney disease. The topic for WKd 2014 is “CKD in older people”. This article reviews the key links between kidney function, age, health and illness - and discusses the implications of the aging population for the care of people with CKD.

Aim. Study of change of dynamics of levels of biomarkers in blood seruma and urine in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Methods. 40 patients with SLE were included into the study. Levels of interleukins, tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), monocyte chemotaxic protein type I (МСР-і), vessel-endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in blood serum and urine were determined by immunoenzyme analysis. Кesults. Levels of VEGF, МСР-і, interleukin-6 (SL-б) were elevated in blood serum; levels of VEGF, IL-6 and IL-8 -in the urine. Biomarkers blood and urine levels did not differed significantly according to SLE activity. Conclusion. Biomarkers determination in blood and urine can help monitoring of clinical evolution and activity of systemic lupus erythematosus.

Aim. Assessment of prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM) type 2 in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Nizhnii Novgorod region. Methods. 1051 CKD patients, consulted in Regional clinical hospital and City of Nizhnii Novgorod center of nephrology in 2008-20і3, were included into the study. Results of clinical and laboratory investigation were submitted into the Nizhnii Novgorod CKD registry. Results. dm type 2 is і5,6 % among all the causes of CKD in Nizhnii Novgorod region. 72 % of all patients with dm had CKd stage 2. Microalbuminuria was found mostly often after 5 years, proteinuria - after 10 years after dm manifestation. Conclusion. Diabetes mellitus type 2 is one of the leading causes of chronic kidney disease in Nizhnii Novgorog region

Aim. Improvement of tuberculous ureteritis by use of ureteroscopy as part of clinical diagnostic protocol. Methods. Clinical course of urinary tract involvment was studied in 112 patients with urinary tuberculosis and 74 - with uretheral strictures of non-tuberculous etiology, hospitalized during 2006-2011. Patients were divided into 2 groups: 1st - 48 (25,8 %) patients with nephrotubersulosis without uretheral involvement, 2nd - 64 (34,4 %) patients with renal tuberculosis with ureteral involvement, 3rd - 74 (39,8 %) patients with ureteral strictures of non-tuberculous genesis. Results. Patients with renal tuberculosis with ureteral involvement were characterized by maximal prevalence of organ destruction, chronic renal failure, and spreading to urinary bladder and paravesical cellular tissue. Chronic renal failure in patients with renal tuberculosis was more severe, than in those, who had ureteral stricture of non-tuberculous etiology. Conclusion. Renal tuberculosis with urinary tract involvement is characterized by most severe ureteral lesion, which can be revealed by ureteropyeloscopy with multifocal ureteral biopsy.

Risk factors and pathogenesis of vascular calcification in chronic kidney disease are discussed. Therapeutic approaches to correction of bone-mineral metabolism disturbances in chronic kidney disease are reviewed with special attention to comparison of different phosphate-binders.

Results of original investigations in renal urinary proteomics are discussed. Proteomic urinary patterns in primary and paraneoplastic glomerulonephritis and their dynamics in tubulo-interstitial fibrosis are shown. Perspectives of urinary proteomics study in development of new non-invasive diagnostic technologies are shown.