Civilization Transformations of Russia in Foreign Social Philosophy

Objective. The main goal of this work is to analyze the most important conceptual approaches that were formulated by foreign scientists on the mechanisms and directions of civilizational transformations in Russia. This problem has occupied a significant place in the discourse of the socio-political philosophy of the West for a long time. In recent years, an important contribution to research on this topic has been made by J. Arnason, M. Koivisto, A. Przeworski, M.M. Rahman, A. Segrillo and others. Conclusions: The historical path of Russia, which has gone through many socio-cultural transformations, has long attracted the attention of authors dealing with the problems of local civilizations. The Russian civilization was singled out as an independent one by the classics of this trend O. Spengler and A. Toynbee. A number of foreign authors continue to develop this approach, based on the study of the spiritual sphere of life. At the same time, works in which the civilizational essence of Russia is considered from the standpoint of a geopolitical approach, which considers territory as a key factor in its development, is of great interest. Modern foreign researchers successfully combine these approaches, making a significant contribution to the comprehension of Russian civilization. Originality/value: The work carried out a systematic analysis of the concepts of foreign thinkers related to various scientific trends and applying various methodological approaches to the study of civilizational transformations in Russia. Considerable attention is paid to the possibility of combining the concepts formulated in the framework of the philosophical and geopolitical sciences. Within the framework of this work, the results of the latest research, which have not yet been translated into Russian, have been included in the scientific circulation.

Russia, civilization, civilizational transformations, civilizational choice, geopolitics, Heartland, historical path